Translation in Arabic language and literature
Ali sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour Marand
Abstract
Creative translation through the concept of trans-compatibility is an interpretive and conceptual approach that should be viewed from the pragmatic perspective. Lance Hewson, a prominent theorist in this regard, suggests that translation faces many challenges, especially when the translator tries to ...
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Creative translation through the concept of trans-compatibility is an interpretive and conceptual approach that should be viewed from the pragmatic perspective. Lance Hewson, a prominent theorist in this regard, suggests that translation faces many challenges, especially when the translator tries to recreate meaning. The challenges may be recognized through pragmatic markers. Hewson introduced the markers with structural patterns in the form of compatibility reflections, through such components as homologous issues, artificial extensions, and expression change. Moreover, he introduces the linguistic patterns in the form of explicitation, implicitation, and description. He believes that the conceptual representation of each linguistic component is connected with the detailed and exact analysis and equalization of each component. Taking Hewson’s creative translation model and a descriptive-analytical approach, this study explored all of the markers in the translation of Ghassan Kanafani’s (2013) A Bridge to the Eternity, published in the collection Plays by Faroogh Najm al-Din (2023). Taking into account the mysterious writing style of Kanafani the translator of A Bridge to the Eternity has tried to recreate the proverbs, idioms, and linguistic metaphors. It was proved that characterization played a significant role in the recreation. Here the existing mysterious language of the translation has represented the mentioned linguistic components; that is, it shows the exact image of socio-political conflicts that dominated the culture and ideology of characters in linguistic context. Considering the results, it can be said that compating Hewson's trans-compatibility markers could yield results in the communication structure of this play.Keywords: Translation Process, Fundamentals of Trans-compatibility, Lance Hewson, Play, The Bridge to the Eternity, Ghassan Kanfani.IntroductionHewson sees translation as an operational process in which the intercultural similarities are transferred and represented through ideological concepts. His translation theory is a conceptual model that emphasizes specifically on characters’ mental concepts. The exact representation of these concepts is a heated debate and true challenge in translation criticism, when the reproduction of meaning is considered. A complete understanding of meaning occurs when one can pass all the challenges by scrutinizing especially compatibility reflections, through such components as homologous issues, artificial extensions, and expression change and linguistic basics, including expliciation, implicitaton and description. Hewson argues that reconstruction of translation through these components in translation criticism, decreases the meaning differences to an acceptable level and may even bring about the exact meaning.Literature ReviewAnalysis of Lance Hewson’s trans-compatibility themes in the translation of Ghassan Kanafani’s A Bridge to the Eternity shows the endeavor for analyzing and corresponding the translation representations to the dramatic contents of the work. Several studies have been conducted on the issue, including: Navarchi and Motamedi (2019) explored the explicitation and implicitation in the French translation of Golestan, rendered by Omar Ali Shah. They concisely examined explicitation and implicitation as two applied strategies in intercultural translation. Through the investigation, the study examined Lance Hewson's ideas on the two components.Bassam Safar (2016) conducted another research in this regard, entitled “An interpretation of Ghassan Kanafani’s play” and published in English Journal of Culture and Thought. He focused on the communication concepts and themes of the characters of the novel. Jabr (2019) conducted a study on the play, entitled “The play A Bridge to the Eternity”. He argues that the characters of the play move the narration through expressing their feelings. Therefore, the events occur continuously and we cannot see any interruption in the narration. Taking the studies on the topic of the paper, one can say that the studies have paid attention to the mental and perceptual issues of the play, but only descriptive aspects of the play have been emphasized. Moreover, only a few studies has merely explained a limited set of the trans-compatibility components. Therefore, one can say that not any systematic study has been done, analyzing Hewson’s trans-compatibility themes on the communicative construction of the translation of the play A Bridge to the Eternity. Accordingly, the researchers opened a new venue in this regard. Research MethodologyThis studies emphasizes the significance of a comparative and analytical evaluation of linguistic and Hamtrazi components in the translation of Ghassan Kanafani’s (2013) play A Bridge to the Eternity. Faroogh Najm al-Din has rendered the play into Persian and published it in 2023. He presents a different translation of the events intermingled with imagination, contemporary identities, and a completely entertaining theme of the play. He has rendered the play using colloquial language. Thus, considering the radio and play nature of the work, he has endeavored to present correctly the linguistic components and the culture of the public and, this way, appropriately communicate with the audience. ConclusionExploring and comparing Lance Hewson’s trans-compatibility themes in Kanafani’s play A Bridge to the Eternity, this study came up with a some conclusions:The translator resorts to linguistic recreation of the play for the cultural commonalities between the components of stability in the source language and the similar components in Kanafani’s play presented in symbolic language to show the socio-political conflicts. For the purpose, according to Lance Hewson’s translation model, the translator usually prefers the substitution of more common equivalents of the target culture for the linguistic expressions, as well as metaphorical and ironic concepts of the source text.The translator uses in some cases such rhetorical images as descriptive tools and similes for representing the final goal of the play. Taking this translation strategy makes the language more effective through taking sense burden words and shows clearly the setting of the communication events among actors and the conflict between them. Regarding the characterizations, the translator looks at Kanafani’s characterization style from a symbolic point of view. Fars and Raja, two main characters of the play, in communication with other characters, make the narration proceed. From this perspective, most behaviors of these characters are presented through symbolic dialogues. One can conclude that this translation of the play, according to Lance Hewson’s themes of trans-compatibility, is a true representation of what linguistic components and semantic concepts seek to show.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Ali Sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour Marand
Abstract
One of the challenges that translators of literacy and non-literary texts face is rendering and finding equivalents for figures of speech. In this regard, translating simile and compound adjectives are of great importance. Most of the challenges in translating such figures of speech are due to cognitive ...
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One of the challenges that translators of literacy and non-literary texts face is rendering and finding equivalents for figures of speech. In this regard, translating simile and compound adjectives are of great importance. Most of the challenges in translating such figures of speech are due to cognitive and cultural differences between the source and target languages. By paying attention to the differences, translators can overcome the challenges. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study dealt with the nature, function, and criteria of categorizing similes and compound adjectives in Bahrampour’s translations of Sermons and Letters of Nahj al-Balagha. Applying Pierini’s (2007) model, the study then explored the strategies used for dealing with problems in translating the figures of speech. Pierini uses domestication strategy for translation in such cases. Considering the strategy, he introduces two strategies for compound adjectives and six strategies for translating similes. The results show that when translating all compound adjectives and similes, the used translation methods that are based on domestication of language and culture, are appropriate and applicable; since in this translation, Bahrampour has used a literary method and the correspondence shows the closeness between source and target languages.
Ali Sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour; Siyamak Asgharpour
Abstract
One of the prominent patterns to the qualitative advancement level of translation and especially in the meaning-based translation`s area is Larson`s theory. Laying out a process in translation, Larson initially focuses on discovering the primary meanings of the text, followed by studying the language`s ...
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One of the prominent patterns to the qualitative advancement level of translation and especially in the meaning-based translation`s area is Larson`s theory. Laying out a process in translation, Larson initially focuses on discovering the primary meanings of the text, followed by studying the language`s construction and how to restate those meanings in the target language. Consequently, his approach in this theory is majorly a linguistic one. Larson first asserts the recognition of features constituting meaning in the source language. Then according to his assessment, he deems the application of those features or similar structures important. Some of the features of the source language include the multiple meaning of words along with explicit or implicit information within the text. The Holy Quran involves various styles of expression such as metaphorical and allegorical application of words, allusions, similes, etc. as well as implicit themes and information. The majority of these features that comply with Larson`s theory are present in Kahf Surah. Subsequently, the subject of discovering the themes asserted in these titles and restating them to the target language audience has been manifested in various forms in Yahya Yasrebi`s translation which could be contrasted using Larson`s theory. Conducted through the descriptive-analytical method, the researcher attempts to compare the aforementioned Kahf`s Surah translation with this theory and express the existing challenges in this translation. The result of the study shows that in addition to discovering meanings in Yasrebi`s translation, he has also paid attention to transferring the explicit and implicit information present in Kahf Surah.
