Translation in Arabic language and literature
Saadollah Homayooni; Maryam Fouladi
Abstract
Paying attention to contextual, cultural, and cognitive limitations in translation as a multi-dimensional process is of particular importance and the analysis of language formations from this perspective will have a significant impact on improving the quality of translation. Since cognitive structures ...
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Paying attention to contextual, cultural, and cognitive limitations in translation as a multi-dimensional process is of particular importance and the analysis of language formations from this perspective will have a significant impact on improving the quality of translation. Since cognitive structures determine the desired conceptual content through the formation of conceptual categories, it is essential to examine these metaphors as one of the most widely used language formations that play a significant role in inducing the concepts and ideas of any language. The present research aims to discuss the meaning load of each of these metaphors and how to translate them equally or unequally, while examining examples of conceptual metaphors in Persian, Arabic, and English, using the analytical-comparative method. The results indicate that the conceptual metaphors in the above-mentioned languages are culture-based and are formed according to the lived experiences of the speakers of these languages and they have had a significant impact on the conceptualizations. Therefore, the translation that is considered to convey the meaning of the expressions must be an unequal translation and in accordance with the culture and lived experiences of the speakers of the target language. Consequently, in general, it can be said that paying attention to cognitive categories in translation and conceptualizing the message based on the intellectual and cultural foundations of the source and the target language leads to a correct understanding of the worlds of meaning in the two languages and, accordingly, provides a suitable translation. Based on this, the translator, without forcing himself to be balanced in the translation, should transfer the concepts according to the system of knowledge, epistemology, culture, and worldview of the target language.
Kobra Roshanfekr; Hadi Nazari Monazam; Ahmad Heydari
Volume 3, Issue 8 , September 2013, , Pages 13-34
Abstract
Translation is one of the most important contemporary cultural issues. Thetranslator's jobis not only to replacewords, butasamediator, to createsome sort of coordination betweenthe national cultureandthe source culture thathasits owncustoms. This makes difficult the work of translator and makes his mission ...
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Translation is one of the most important contemporary cultural issues. Thetranslator's jobis not only to replacewords, butasamediator, to createsome sort of coordination betweenthe national cultureandthe source culture thathasits owncustoms. This makes difficult the work of translator and makes his mission even more complex. Newmark, the American scholar and theorist in the field of translation proposed a method for translating cultural elements thathave been accepted in scientific circles. This study used a descriptive-analytical method, and based on Newmark's theoretical framework, it attempted to criticize and reviewthe translation of cultural concepts inthe novel "El-lis'swal-kilab" by Naguib Mahfouz, which has been translated by two Iranian translators. Despitethe efforts made by the two translators, there can be seen complexities and short comings in the translation of cultural elements.The results show that in the translation, the integrative approach is less used as a method for the successful translation of cultural elements.
Seyyed Muhammad Mirhusseini; Hishmatullah Zarei Kefayat
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2012, , Pages 58-39
Abstract
Al-A’shā is one of the erudite men of Mu'allaqāt ("The Suspended Odes" or "The Hanging Poems")– the title of a collection of seven pre-Islamic Arabic qaÒīdahs (odes) – and one of the elite poets of pre-Islamic upper class in whose poems, due to taking many voyages to ...
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Al-A’shā is one of the erudite men of Mu'allaqāt ("The Suspended Odes" or "The Hanging Poems")– the title of a collection of seven pre-Islamic Arabic qaÒīdahs (odes) – and one of the elite poets of pre-Islamic upper class in whose poems, due to taking many voyages to neighboring regions, elements of different civilization such as Persian, Roman, Abyssinian, Nebatian, Egyptian, Turkish, Kabuli, etc can be observed.
Since he travelled to neighboring areas toearn afortune, his poems represent symbols of civilization and culture such as divorce, marriage, war,pastime, means of pleasure and musical instruments.
Furthermore, different religions, religiousbeliefs and rituals can beobserved in his poems. Besidesinfluencing his imagination, civilizationhas influencedthe language, subjects and the poetic music of al-A’shā’spoems.
As an effect of listening to the instruments and songs of the bondwomen, unlike other poets of the pre-Islamic era, such as TarafatibnAbd, his poetic language was simple and lacked complexity. The effect of civilization and culture on hispoetic subjects is so much so that in eulogy,he exaggerates like Abbasid era poets and in satire he pokes fun at his subjects, as in lyricism heuses a variety of approaches to describe the beloved.
This poet chooses rhythmic metrics for his poetic music. He often uses bahretavil ('lengthy meter') and mutiqārib ('convergent meter'). By using rhymes suchaswords ending withflowing letters of "lām""dāl" and "rā", repetition of letters and words, and their agreement, some newfiguresof speech such as tansīq-i Sifāt ("synathroesmus"), tibagh ("antithesis"), radd al-'ajzallaal-sadr ("epanalepsis"), different types of pun, etche steps up the music of his poems and excites the readers.
