Translation in Arabic language and literature
Reza Nazemian; Nasir Maleki; Sadegh Khorsha
Abstract
"Other" is the basis of knowing "Self" and the introduction of self-knowledge. The way to self-knowledge is communication with others. The deforming tendencies of the French theorist Antoine Berman are based on respect for the "other" and avoidance of domestication in translation. He believes that the ...
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"Other" is the basis of knowing "Self" and the introduction of self-knowledge. The way to self-knowledge is communication with others. The deforming tendencies of the French theorist Antoine Berman are based on respect for the "other" and avoidance of domestication in translation. He believes that the source text should be accepted and transferred as it is, and one should not seek to simulate it with one's own culture. The focus of Berman's cognitive translation point of view is respect for the foreign text, acceptance of the other, and recognition of his culture. Berman's theory, in which he believes that the structure of the source text should not be changed and equivalents should not be found according to structural and grammatical aspects, is the result of the extreme formation of the target-oriented movement in translation in his era. In order to criticize the issue of accepting Other based on the tendency of rationalization, we have examined Majedeh Al-Anani’s translation of the story Nūn wa al-Qalam by Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad, and during the discussion and examination of the examples, we came to the conclusion that the translator in the translation of cultural terms tried to show her faithfulness to the original text, but in some cases, she was not successful and she was only able to replace the word without paying attention to its semantic load and rhetoric.Keywords: Nūn wa al-Qalam, Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad, Antoine Berman, Majedeh Al-Anani, acceptance of Other.IntroductionSince the issue of "acceptance of Other" necessarily requires the translator to go beyond the body of the cultural and literary system of his society and pay more attention to the source than the target, and his priority should be the writer and not the reader, we found it appropriate to base our investigations and critiques on a theory whose foundation is respect for the author and the original language of the work. Therefore, we found Antoine Berman's Deforming Theory appropriate. Among the most important works of the Persian language, which is considered to be a view of the culture, political, cultural, scientific, and religious approach of Iranian society, is the book "Nūn wa al-Qalam" written by Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad. This story has been translated into various languages, including Arabic. In the present article, we intend to investigate Majedeh Al-Anani's Arabic translation of Āl-e-Ahmad's "Nūn wa al-Qalam" based on the theory of Antoine Berman and see how the translator translated this work in the face of examples of the component of rationalization - out of the total of 13 components of Berman's theory? And to what extent has he accepted the original text and culture of the source language as "Other"?Literature ReviewBy searching various sources, we found that there are many articles and researches on the application of Antoine Berman's theory in various texts, but in connection with the story of Nūn wa al-Qalam and Berman's theory, there are several sources that we consider:- Reflection of Majedeh Al-Anani's Translation in the Characters of Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad's Story Nūn wa al-Qalam (based on the elements of Berman's impoverishment) (2022) by Ahmad Lamei Giv. In this article, it has been shown that Al-Anani often intends to preserve the syntactic structure of the source language in the translation of character traits, but this has caused the quality of the translation to drop and has undermined the high meaning of the source text.- Equivalence of Iranian Folklore Categories; Case Study: Arabic Translation of Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad’s Nūn wa al-Qalam (2018) Marzieh Rabiei and colleagues. This article examines Al-Anani's method of finding equivalents in translation and concludes that the translator has used the cultural equivalent or descriptive equivalent method above all else in finding equivalents that have a cultural connotation. In finding equivalents of material categories, Al-Anani also used various methods of transfer, transformation, etc., and performed weakly and inadequately in translating some terms.- Examination of Majedeh Al-Anani's Translation of Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad's Nun wa Al-Qalam based on Baker's Idiomatic Equivalence Theory (2018) by Zohreh Ghorbani. This research has examined and analyzed the translation of the terms in the story of Nun wa Al-Qalam, and it is believed that Al-Anani, among the various methods that Mona Baker expresses in her Idiomatic Equivalence Theory, mostly used the method of translating terms into the form of similarity of meaning and change of form. Ghorbani believes that although Al-Anani is an Arabic speaker, she has a relatively correct understanding of Persian terms and proverbs, and this is the reason why she translated some Persian terms correctly.- The relationship between linguistic functions and personality types in the story of Nun wa Al-Qalam (2012) by Seyed Ahmed Parsa and Sa’di Haji, was conducted to examine the compatibility between the linguistic functions of the characters in the story and their personality types, which are important principles of story writing. The result is that in the story of Nun wa Al-Qalam, there is not much compatibility between the linguistic functions of people and their personality types.MethodologyIn the search conducted on the researches on this topic, we did not find an example that examined the rationalization component of Antoine Berman's theory in Majedeh Al-Anani's translation of Nun wa Al-Qalam based on the acceptance of "Other".In order to investigate the deforming tendency of Berman's rationalization in Majedeh Al-Anani's translation of Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad’s story Nun wa Al-Qalam, the researcher first collected some theoretical foundations around keywords and then selected some samples from the original text and their translation and analyzed the samples with a descriptive-analytical method. After examining the samples, the researcher reached the following results:ConclusionIt can be said that Berman's theory should be applied in texts such as holy texts, literary texts, and scientific texts in which form and structure are important. However, in texts in which the message and effect are more important than the form, one cannot insist on accepting the Other and criticize the rationalization tendency, but the expressive possibilities of the target language should be taken into account so that it can leave the same message and impact on the target audience.In general, by examining the selected samples from the book, it can be concluded that according to Antoine Berman's theory, the foundation of which is the acceptance of the Other, respect for the original text, accompanying the author and his culture, and ignoring himself, the translator did not have acceptable performance and in most cases, intentionally or unintentionally, transferred the same words, phrases, and expressions, and considered the words, phrases, and expressions more than the meaning of the text.Al-Anani has forgotten the "Other" by transferring the same words, terms, combinations, and expressions and not paying attention to how to transfer the meaning and concept of the original text. This means that the audience as "Other" cannot accept the translated text, which has no semantic load in the target language, and refuses to accept it due to the feeling of alienation from the translation.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Zahra Karamzadegan; Fateme Mazaheri
Abstract
Critical discourse analysis gave the translators the permission to violate the principle of trustworthiness, and in the translation of texts that contain ideology, to recreate and make their language choices in line with the culture and ideology of the target text. On the other hand, the speed and intensity ...
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Critical discourse analysis gave the translators the permission to violate the principle of trustworthiness, and in the translation of texts that contain ideology, to recreate and make their language choices in line with the culture and ideology of the target text. On the other hand, the speed and intensity of the impact of media discourse has made the media the center of attention of politicians and those in power, and a tool for the dissemination of political discourses. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the application of the strategies presented in the critical discourse analysis approach in the process of translating political texts using a descriptive-analytical method and using the Vandyke model. The research data has been selected from the two news networks Al-Arabiya and Al-Sharq in the period of 2019 to 2022, focusing on the Yemen war. And the findings of the research indicate that these two news networks use the strategies of minimization, disclosure, delegitimization, legitimization, prejudice, empathy, generalization and magnification from the axis of syntax, and the strategies of initiation, marginalization and word order from the axis of syntax, the strategy of playing with numbers from the axis of rhetoric, the strategy of choosing words aligned from the axis of style, two strategies of anti-realistic forms and truth from the axis of reasoning and the strategy of changing behavioral actions from the axis of action, trying to present a negative representation of The actions of the Houthis are a positive representation of the actions of Saudi Arabia. And in the process of translation, the translator must reverse these representations in line with the politics of her country by using similar and sometimes opposite strategies to the strategies in the source tex.Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Van Dijk Model, Media Discourse, Ideology.IntroductionEach type of political discourse is carried out with a special communication purpose and role, such as persuading, forcing, threatening or promising the audience. Writers and translators of political texts always use ideological strategies in order to reflect their thoughts, ideology, political beliefs and the ruling system of their society, in order to emphasize or downplay events and political actors. On the other hand, the approach of critical discourse analysis, which was formed due to the inadequacy of the formalist approach in the analysis of the discourse to the sentence and text, considers ideology as the guiding factor of the text, and the main task of the critical analyst is to discover and analyze the ideology reflected in the linguistic structures in the context. It knows its socio-political. Therefore, with the approach of critical discourse analysis, the translator can influence the feelings, opinions and thoughts of his audience through "intrusion and capture" or in other words by changing the linguistic forms of the source text.Literature ReviewSo far, countless researches have been carried out with the approach of critical discourse analysis in order to analyze texts from different genres in Persian, Arabic, English, etc. languages. In this article, we limit ourselves to mentioning examples from two groups of these researches.1-1-Researches that have investigated the reflection of ideology in political texts- In his article "Opinions and ideologies in the press" translated by Zahra Haddad and his colleagues (2006), Theon E. VanDyke explained the complex relationships between ideology, opinions and discourse structures and explained the ideological square and tools. Bayani, in ideological representation in media discourse, has done a detailed analysis of a part of the note printed in the Washington Post newspaper, which is written by Jim Hoagland.- Agha golzadeh and his colleague (2013) in the article "Analysis of representational methods of news selection based on the critical discourse analysis approach" to evaluate and analyze the vocabulary used in the media, including nouns, adjectives and adverbs, in the framework of lexical generalization strategies., addressed expressions, extreme vocabulary have been discussed.- Lotfollah Yarmohammadi (2013) in his book called "Communications from the perspective of critical discourse analysis", has given ten articles in the field of critical discourse analysis, which were written by him or with his colleagues. Among these articles, we can refer to the article "Research on the degree of openness or concealment of the message in selected Iranian editorials: a relationship between discourse-oriented structures and intellectual-social infrastructure structures".- Shahryar Niazi and his colleagues (2017) in the article "Study of Ideological Representation of Iran in the Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper based on the Vandyke model", after examining twenty political analyzes from the "Al-Sharq Al-Awsat" newspaper in a one-year period from 1996 to 1997, came to this conclusion. It has been found that news writers have tried to present a negative image of Iran by using strategies such as "default" and "distancing" and on the other hand, by using strategies such as "showing" a positive image of Saudi Arabia. have presented.1-2- Researches that have investigated the translation of texts, including political texts, with the approach of critical discourse analysis:-.Schäffner and his colleague (2010) in their article called "Political Discourse of Media and Translation" have analyzed political news and the way of their translation process and have reached the point that the target text is subject to the cultural conditions of its audience. and not a function of the structure of the source text.- Li (2010) in his doctoral dissertation entitled "Translating Chinese Political Discourse: A Functional Cognitive Approach to English Translations of Chinese Political Speeches", analyzed his selected political texts in Chinese. Then, by comparing these texts with their translation in English, he has extracted the strategies that the translators have applied based on the meta-discursive elements of ideology and power in order to manage minds strategically.- Ferdous Agha golzadeh and his colleague (2015) in the article "Investigation of Ideological Representation in English Political Translated Texts in the Framework of Critical Discourse Analysis: Style and Rhetoric Axes", selected their research data from 300 written paragraphs in English about Iranian political issues. and after confronting and comparing them with the Persian translation presented by them, they investigated the issue of how far the Persian language translators used strategies based on style and rhetoric in order to reflect their ideology.- Farshid Turkashund (2015) in his article entitled "The application of critical discourse analysis in translation from Arabic to Persian", while stating the advantage of the discourse approach and especially its critical type compared to the text-based approach, one paragraph from Manflouti, two paragraphs from Mikhail has analyzed Naimah and one paragraph of Tawfiq Hakim based on Farklough's model at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation, then he has translated the texts in consideration of the analysis done.- Ailin Firouzian and her colleagues (2017) in the article "The role of syntactic strategies in the representation of the ideology of Persian translators in translated social-political written texts from the point of view of critical discourse analysis", analyzing and examining 250 speech fragments from written English social-political texts which is related to Iran's issues at the international, national or regional level. This research compares the discourse of the source language with its re-creation in the target language, and relying on the Vandyke ideological square and the syntax axis from the six axes, it has extracted the strategies used by the translators.- Hanieh Qarakhan Bagli (2021) in her master's thesis entitled "Review and analysis of the translation of Arabic political news headlines in Fars news agency based on Van Dyke's discursive approach"; It tries to investigate and explain the differences between the news headlines translated in Fars news agency and their Arabic texts between July 30, 2019 and July 30, 2014, using the descriptive-analytical method and the Vandyke model.MethodologyThis research tries to provide solutions based on the approach of critical discourse analysis and the Van Dyke model (at both micro and macro levels Vandyke model (at both micro and macro levels), so that new Iranian translators, faced with political discourses containing ideologies that conflict with the ideology of their own country, can translate the source text. The research data were selected from the two news networks "Al-Arabiya" and "Al-Sharq" which are subordinate to the policies of Saudi Arabia, focusing on the Yemen war. Next, the news that covered the events in Yemen from 2019 to 2022 were examined, then due to the limitation of this research, some speeches and texts that included the most and most comprehensive strategies proposed by Van Dyke were selected. and analyzed. Then, based on the obtained analysis, the news were translated with the approach of critical discourse analysis and the translation was also analyzed.ConclusionThis research, by examining and analyzing political texts in general and the news of Yemeni war incidents in particular, showed us that in the media discourse, an incident is narrated in different ways and sometimes such incidents undergo changes and distortions. They look as if a new incident has happened. Therefore, translators of political texts need political, cultural and social knowledge in addition to linguistic knowledge. In fact, critical discourse analysis teaches them how to use their linguistic knowledge to discover and extract the ideology hidden in texts. Then, taking into account the accepted ideology in the target text, try to neutralize that ideology or even turn the ideology around. Also, the findings of this research showed us that in texts where ideology and politics are in conflict with each other in the source and target texts, using a strategy that is opposite to the strategy embedded in the source text can be a way forward for the translator. Also, along with other strategies analyzed in the article that lead to the neutrality or neutralization of the source text, the two strategies of deletion and addition are very effective in reversing the source text.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Nafiseh Emari Allahyari; Ali Zeighami; Habib Keshavarz
Abstract
In post-coronavirus societies and the return of enthusiasm and motivation of people to exchange cultures and travel, the need for translation is felt more than ever. In the meantime, different branches of the tourism industry have been associated with interpretation. The purpose of this research is to ...
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In post-coronavirus societies and the return of enthusiasm and motivation of people to exchange cultures and travel, the need for translation is felt more than ever. In the meantime, different branches of the tourism industry have been associated with interpretation. The purpose of this research is to find the most suitable solutions in the translation of proper names of tourism, know the most used strategy from the ten strategies of Van Coillie's theory (2007) in this documentary, and learn about its challenges. The research method is descriptive-analytical, in which 200 proper names were extracted from the tourism-historical documentary "Ma’alam Men Khuzestan" (Khuzestan at a Glance in Farsi) which was broadcast on Al-Kawthar International Channel, and after comparing the samples in the two Persian and Arabic versions of the documentary, it has been criticized and analyzed based on Van Coillie's theory. The research results indicate that the strategy of not translating, reproducing and copying has been used more than others. In the field of tourism, the strategy of non-translation, reproduction, and copying is considered the most appropriate translation strategies, because introducing the unique attractions of a region is one of the goals of the translator in this type of text, which must be preserved and distinguished by mentioning its original name. Other strategies are reproduction along with phonetic or morphological adaptation to the target language, deletion, non-translation along with additional explanation, and replacement with an equivalent in the target language, respectively.Keywords: Translation Strategies, Proper Names, Van Coillie, Al-Kawthar, Tourism.IntroductionKnowing the specific cultural, tourism, historical, and architectural elements of each country requires familiarity with translation approaches, which includes new researches in the field of translation of proper names. With the progress of communication and the increasing connection of all types of tourism, including cultural, religious, medical, urban, etc., with the Arabic language, the importance of translating proper names doubles.This documentary was produced by Maziar Mohajer Soltani and its text was translated into Arabic by Alireza Khajehpour. The narrators are Reza Mansour Jassim, Basmeh Shekarchi, and Manar Qitouli.Questions and Hypotheses 1- What are the challenges in the translation of proper names of tourism in Persian and Arabic languages in Van Coillie's theory?Analyzing Arabic proper names through a Western theory faces many challenges, because these strategies correspond to the structure of English grammar. The lack of Persian or Arabic theories in the translation of proper names and the lack of translation of Van Coillie's books are other problems of this research.2- In oral texts of tourism, what is the most appropriate strategy for translating proper names?It seems that combining several strategies is the best solution for translating proper names of tourism. 3- What is the most frequent method in translating proper names in this documentary and why is this method used more?It seems that the strategy of not translating, reproducing and copying has been used more than other strategies to preserve the priorities of the text or the author and transfer the cultural richness of the source language.Literature ReviewIn general, no research has been conducted on the translation of Persian proper names into Arabic in an oral tourism text. However, few research studies have been done on the translation of proper names in religious texts (Qur'an) and literary texts (novels).MethodologyThe research method is descriptive-analytical. In a way, 200 proper names were extracted from this documentary which was made in 1390-91 AH and was broadcast in 1395 in 13 episodes of 20 minutes on Al-Kawthar International Channel. After comparing samples in the two Persian and Arabic versions of the documentary, it was criticized and analyzed based on the ten strategies of Van Coillie's theory.In the theoretical literature section, the definition of proper and common nouns was mentioned, and different views on the division of proper names were also expressed.The ten axes of Van Coillie's theory are 1) Non-translation, reproduction, and copying. 2) Non-translation with additional explanations in the text or the footnote. 3) Replacement of personal name by a common noun. 4) Phonetic or morphological adaptation to the target language. 5) Replacement with the equivalent in the target language. 6) Replacement by a more widely known name from the source culture or an internationally known name with the same function. 7) Replacing a name with another name from the target language or substitution. 8) Translation of names with a particular connotation. 9) Replacement by a noun with another or additional connotation. 10) Delete. After presenting the ten strategies of Van Coillie's theory, 5 strategies were used by the translator more than other strategies, and under each strategy, explanations and several examples of those strategies and the percentage of their use compared to 200 samples were mentioned in the data analysis section.ConclusionThe strategy of non-translation, reproduction, and copying was recognized as the most used strategy of this documentary by 36%, and one can understand the source-oriented perspective of the documentary translator. According to statistics, the copying of the names of geographical places with 57% is more than the copying of the names of characters with 38%. In the field of tourism, the strategy of non-translation, reproduction, and copying is considered the most suitable translation strategy, because introducing the unique attractions of a region is one of the goals of the translator in this type of texts, which should be preserved and distinguished by mentioning its original name. In the second strategy, the criterion is the way of pronouncing a proper name with the phonetic rules of the target language, and the translation method had a special place in this strategy. In the third strategy, complete and incomplete deletion has occurred in some proper names. The fourth strategy or copying with additional explanations was used to inform the audience and express its implicit meaning. Finally, the last strategy, replacement with an equivalent, seems to be useful in the form of integration with another strategy in tourism texts. Therefore, in general, the combination of strategies is considered a suitable choice in the translation of proper names of tourism oral texts. In this documentary, we have seen examples of combinations, and one of the best combinations is the combination of copying with equivalence. But combination as an independent strategy remains hidden from Van Coillie's point of view.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Narges Samareh; Vahideh Motahari; Reyhaneh Mollazadeh
Abstract
Jean-René Ladmiral, a French theoretician, proposed components for the translation of words that are helpful for the translator in the process of conveying meaning and creating a balance between the words of the target text or the source text. In this article, the performance of the translator ...
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Jean-René Ladmiral, a French theoretician, proposed components for the translation of words that are helpful for the translator in the process of conveying meaning and creating a balance between the words of the target text or the source text. In this article, the performance of the translator in the Arabic translation of the words of the book Imamat va Rahbari and the quality of the translation have been evaluated based on Ladmiral's model and with descriptive-analytical and statistical methods. The findings of the research show that the translator tries to convey the meaning of the words through matters such as the selection of the translator, disambiguation, minimal interpretation, and addition, and provides a comprehensible and readable translation. In many cases, words have been borrowed. Sometimes, due to the inappropriate deletion of words and inappropriate selection of equivalents, the translator has not been able to recreate the content of the message for the audience, and therefore requires revision and re-editing.Keywords: Evaluation of Translation, Javad Ali Kassar, Imamat va Rahbari Book, Morteza Motahari, Ladmiral's Theory. IntroductionWith the scientific advances that are expanding in the world, to achieve the scientific and cultural achievements of societies, the translation of texts is essential. Along with the translation of texts, its evaluation also prospered and gradually took a scientific form and was able to eliminate many shortcomings of translations and by providing effective solutions, it became a path for future translators.Due to the innate need of mankind for religion, translators in every era have tried to translate holy texts into different languages and provide the basis for the development of religious thought. The translator of religious texts always faces challenges, one of which is vocabulary balance. In the field of religion, words are used that have a special cultural meaning, and if the translator cannot find an exact equivalent in the dictionary to convey their meaning, he uses the explanatory strategy of words or a close equivalent in the target language, and sometimes the translator prioritizes vocabulary borrowing.Among these texts is the book "Imamat va Rahbari" by Shahid Morteza Motahari, which was translated into Arabic by Iraqi religious researcher and translator Javad Ali Kassar. In this thesis, the most important tool of translation, namely "scientific criticism and evaluation", is used to measure the translator's performance in the way of transferring words. For the application of this criticism, Ladmiral’s model was chosen because the useful solutions of this model are very helpful for the translator in order to convey the meaning of the words and provide a good translation.Therefore, after explaining Ladmiral's theory about the process of word transfer, the present research examines the performance of the translator and the quality of the translation by comparing two Persian and Arabic texts and expressing their differences and similarities. For this purpose, the present research seeks to answer the following questions::How does the translator perform in transferring words to Arabic based on Ladmiral's model?How did the methods used by the translator to convey the meaning of the words have an effect on improving the translation?Literature ReviewFew research studies about the evaluation of the lexical process based on Ladmiral's model are as follows:- The article "Lexical Balance and its Importance in Detailed Understanding of the Text (Case Study of Five Persian Translations Of Nahj ul-Balaghah Sermons) " by Seyyed Mehdi Masbouq and others (2014).- The article "Induction of Translation of the Story of "Thousand and One Nights" by Abdellatif Tasouji Based on the Pattern of Jean-Rene Ladmiral" by Shahram Delshad, and others (2015).- The article "Evaluation of the translation process of Nahj al-Balaghah words based on the theory of Jean René Ladmiral" by Ali Syadani and colleagues (2016).- The article A Critical Review of Mohammad Dashti's Translation of Nahj al-Balāghah (Arabic: نهج ٱلبلاغه) Based on Ladmiral’s Model (1994) by Askar Babazadeh and others (1400).The difference between the present research and the mentioned studies is that so far no criticism and evaluation has been done for the Arabic translation of the words of the book "Imamat va Rahbari" by Morteza Motahari.MethodologyThis research has been written with a descriptive-analytical and statistical method and using library tools. To collect information, the thirty-third edition of the book "Imamat va Rahbari" (164 pages) and the second edition of the book "Al-Imamat" (234 pages) were compared based on Ladmiral's theory, and by using Excel software, the frequency of components of Ladmiral was obtained. Then, by extracting the statistical data and analyzing them, the performance of the translator in the transfer of words and the quality of the translation was determined.ConclusionThe findings of this research are:1- The translator has a more audience-oriented attitude and tries to convey the meaning to the audience at any cost.2- In transferring the words, the translator has tried to choose an appropriate equivalent from among the many equivalents found in the dictionaries, and if no appropriate equivalent has been found in the dictionary, he starts with minimal interpretation and explanatory additions in the form of nominal, adverbial, verbal, etc. in order to convey the semantic layers of the word to the audience, and sometimes he chooses an equivalent according to the context by his own discretion, and when there is no lexical equivalent and even with minimal interpretation, the implied meaning of the word is not conveyed to the audience, he transferred those words to the target language in the form of borrowing.3- Sometimes, by choosing inappropriate equivalents and inappropriate omissions of words, he has not provided a readable and acceptable translation.4- To fix the inappropriate translation of some words, it is better for the translator to review and re-edit.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Sajjad Esmaili; Mohammadreza Keshavarz
Abstract
Today, due to the expansion of relations between countries, the importance of the Middle East region in the international arena, Iran's border with some Arab countries, and the establishment of friendly relations and dialogue with them, simultaneous translation from Arabic to Persian and vice versa is ...
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Today, due to the expansion of relations between countries, the importance of the Middle East region in the international arena, Iran's border with some Arab countries, and the establishment of friendly relations and dialogue with them, simultaneous translation from Arabic to Persian and vice versa is of special importance. Accordingly, in addition to mastering various political, economic, military, etc. fields the simultaneous Arabic translator must also have sufficient specialized skills in the field of simultaneous translation because inadvertent or intentional mistakes during simultaneous translation may cause differences between governments and even nations. In this regard, this paper intends to use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the challenges of simultaneous translation of Arabic to Persian political texts. In order to achieve this goal, the simultaneous translation of Seyyed Hassan Nasrallah's Arabic speech was explored in terms of simultaneous translation challenges. Some findings showed that most of the simultaneous translation challenges are related to linguistic (syntactic, semantic, and phonetic) challenges. These include: finding equivalents of words, reducing the words and sentences of the source language, increasing the words and sentences of the source language, borrowing words and syntax from the source language, and lack of familiarity with Arabic dialects. In the section on multilingual challenges, issues such as lack of knowledge of the topics of the meeting, the speed of the speaker’s sentences, not hearing the speaker correctly and completely, and low self-confidence and concentration can be mentioned as the challenges of this section.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Mohammad Kabiry; Behzad Heshmati; Bayazid Tand
Abstract
Translation is the most original type of thought, which is the agent of transferring a culture from one place to another, in fact, it is a kind of complement to domestic production. Considering its hermetic nature, it always plays a significant role in the production of new ideas. Comparing the structure ...
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Translation is the most original type of thought, which is the agent of transferring a culture from one place to another, in fact, it is a kind of complement to domestic production. Considering its hermetic nature, it always plays a significant role in the production of new ideas. Comparing the structure of different languages helps linguistic studies in a way, from the heart of these comparisons, we somehow get to the structural differences and characteristics of various languages. Gibran Khalil Gibran is a Lebanese-American writer. The novel "Prophet" is one of his most famous works, which has been translated into Arabic and Persian, its key concepts are happiness, sadness, love, work, pleasure, and religion. The present research has compared the Persian and Arabic translations of the novel against the original text of the novel, which is in English, by referring to the descriptive-analytical approach and providing various examples of various linguistic structures, so that various types of different structures of the three languages have been discovered from it, and by comparing the translations, the differences and the distinction between their syntactic and lexical structure were clearly revealed. On the other hand, the evaluation rate of the Arabic and Persian translations of the novel has been investigated based on the model of Carmen Garces. One of the most important results of the discussion is that sometimes the Persian translator, based on his own literary spirit, has created changes in the structures and compositions of the novel, which are somehow mixed with his feelings and literary nature, and this is the mode of expression that has given in the Persian translation of the novel additional interpretative emotions. It has given a double interpretation, while the Arabic translation of the novel shows signs of copying and apparent adaptation of the original text.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Robabeh Ramezani; Zohreh Ghorbani Madavani
Abstract
Examining terms and how to translate and finding equivalents for them is one of the challenging issues in translation technology. Attention to Arabic terms started in the fourth century of Hijri and was a result of the formation of the translation movement and its growing trend from Persian and Greek ...
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Examining terms and how to translate and finding equivalents for them is one of the challenging issues in translation technology. Attention to Arabic terms started in the fourth century of Hijri and was a result of the formation of the translation movement and its growing trend from Persian and Greek languages to the Arabic language. Different knowledge was transferred to the Arabic language through translation, and in this context, the issue of translation of terms became important. Although the knowledge of terminology is very old, its theoretical foundations still need to be discussed. In recent years, with the rise of translation of various texts, including political, literary, and other scientific fields, from Arabic to Persian and vice versa, terms and idiomatic interpretations have gained double importance. In this article, the term, and its types, the difference between the term and the word, and how to translate and equate scientific terms, idiomatic expressions, proverbs, and metaphorical expressions have been analyzed by using the descriptive-analytical method. Equivalence challenges for terms and idiomatic interpretations have difficulties that have been mentioned.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Amir Mesgar
Abstract
The approach of critical discourse analysis is a new approach that dates back to the end of the twenty century. This approach provides the reader with various possibilities in the field of text analysis so that he can achieve a better or more accurate understanding of the text or discourse through their ...
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The approach of critical discourse analysis is a new approach that dates back to the end of the twenty century. This approach provides the reader with various possibilities in the field of text analysis so that he can achieve a better or more accurate understanding of the text or discourse through their application. Since the condition of having a good and perfect translation is the correct understanding of the original text, the possibilities of this approach can provide great help to translators to understand the text. Therefore, in this article, we decided to analyze the story under the umbrella of Najib Mahfouz's writing by applying this approach in order to have a better understanding of the ideology and messages of the story. It was done by Hossein Shamsabadi and Mehdi Shahrokh, we investigated and found that the translators did not have a good understanding of this story and as a result, they did not provide a good translation to their audience. This is despite the fact that by using the theory of critical discourse analysis, they could understand the semantic fields as well as keywords and leave behind a better translation. In addition, the authors of this article, relying on the description stage of the theory of critical discourse analysis, which pays special attention to the ideological load of keywords, investigated the translation of this story and came to the conclusion that the lack of correct equivalence in the translation of words and semantic areas of this story has caused that the main ideology of the story, which according to the writers of these lines is chaos and change, is not conveyed to the audience.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Ahmad Lamei Giv
Abstract
Translation is one of the most important means of transmitting cultures among human societies and one of the most effective components of making connections among different nations for the transcendence of human values and the conflict of global ideas. This phenomenon occurs in various forms, either ...
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Translation is one of the most important means of transmitting cultures among human societies and one of the most effective components of making connections among different nations for the transcendence of human values and the conflict of global ideas. This phenomenon occurs in various forms, either through making the source or target language face eminence or indentation, or through a semantic and structural balance. Antoine Berman is a translation theorist who introduced the distortion components of translation and shed light on the lack of balance between the source and target texts. Translating works of Arab and Iranian nations, also, conveys such components. Among the most significant literary works in the story field is Nūn wa al-Qalam by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, a symbolic story with a social approach. Majede Alanani, the Egyptian translator and researcher, has translated and introduced this story to the Arab world. Berman’s deformation components in this translation depict the translator’s commitment level to the structure and meaning of the source text and show the extent of the audience's attraction to the translation. Applying a descriptive-analytic approach, the researcher, focusing on the quantitative and qualitative enrichment, analyzed the source and target text characters. The results indicate that Alanani tried to preserve the syntactic structure of the source language in translating the description of characters. But this has lowered the translation quality and belittled the sublime meaning conveyed in the source text. In some cases, Alanani tended to apply quantitative impoverishment and removed some words and phrases which resulted in the agitation of the meaning and the message of the source text..
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Forough Farahmand Haromi; Hossein Mohtadi; Mohammad Javad Pourabed
Abstract
The style of exaggeration, as one of the most frequent syntactic styles, with many latent meanings, has always been the focus of translators. Examining the translation of this style in Nahj al-Balagha, which is a book mixed with eloquent expressions, is very important. On the other hand, Catford, as ...
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The style of exaggeration, as one of the most frequent syntactic styles, with many latent meanings, has always been the focus of translators. Examining the translation of this style in Nahj al-Balagha, which is a book mixed with eloquent expressions, is very important. On the other hand, Catford, as a theoretician in translation who has presented a precise and meticulous theory in translation, can be a good criterion and scale for analyzing the meaning of translations of Nahj al-Balagha. Be exaggerated in style. This style is used in morphological, syntactic, and rhetorical structures; but since one of the most used of this style is the modified weights of the subject noun, this research has tried to extract these weights with a descriptive-analytical method and apply them to this theory in order to determine the degree of this correspondence or lack of correspondence in reflecting the meaning of exaggeration in the word. Arabic with its translation in Shahidi and Foladvand translations should be identified as two translations that have a special place in terms of literature. After the investigations, it was observed that these translations could not accurately reflect the meaning of exaggeration in the Arabic language based on this theory and failed to reflect the meaning of exaggeration in these weights.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Abdolbaset Arab Yousofabadi; Oveis Mohammadi; Faezeh Arab Yousefabadi
Abstract
Saadi's Golestan and Jami's Baharestan are two Persian works in prose in which significant techniques have been used in translating Arabic expressions due to the proficiency of the authors in Arabic and Persian languages and their rhetorical and linguistic knowledge. In this research, the Arabic-translated ...
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Saadi's Golestan and Jami's Baharestan are two Persian works in prose in which significant techniques have been used in translating Arabic expressions due to the proficiency of the authors in Arabic and Persian languages and their rhetorical and linguistic knowledge. In this research, the Arabic-translated phrases in the mentioned works have been studied based on the target-oriented approach in translation. The basis of this approach is that the translator tries to choose equivalent and equal elements of the target language with regard to the elements of the source language and text. With the help of special methods, he also tries to enter the entire meaning of the desired context into the target language and to avoid conveying the explicit meaning merely. The aim of the present study is to find Arabic to Persian translation techniques in Saadi's Golestan and Jami's Baharestan and to examine the extent of Saadi and Jami's commitment to the target language. Considering that Jami's Baharestan is the most prominent work of art identical to Saadi's Golestan in terms of form and content, the results indicate that the techniques of translating Arabic phrases into Persian in this work are also remarkably similar to Saadi's Golestan. Accordingly, the most distinguished methods of the target-oriented approach in translating the Arabic expressions of Golestan and Baharestan, respectively, are transition, dissimilation, adjunction, and disambiguation.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Fatemeh Dini; Javad Asghari
Abstract
Each profession has its own rules, limits, and restrictions, and for each profession, its boundaries and rules must be defined. Adherence to the standards, values, and limitations of each discipline can be defined as the professional ethics of that discipline. Due to the special position of the translator ...
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Each profession has its own rules, limits, and restrictions, and for each profession, its boundaries and rules must be defined. Adherence to the standards, values, and limitations of each discipline can be defined as the professional ethics of that discipline. Due to the special position of the translator in the translation process, the present article has tried to express the ethics of the translator's profession and the prerequisites of the translation profession while using the descriptive-analytical method. Understanding the prerequisites and challenges and slips of the translation profession, as well as work experience in specific fields, makes the translator specialize in a field of translation techniques, and the process of finding expertise provides an important part of professional ethics in the field. Hussam al-Din Mustafa in his book "Basics and rules of the translation industry" has referred to the subject of professional ethics of translation and to various issues in this field, which is the basis of this article. The authors have come to the conclusion that: Familiarity with the culture of the source language, specialization in translation, familiarity with the technique of translation, context in translation, and translation process, are the most important prerequisites that a translator should consider, to be able to provide a more acceptable translation.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Narjes Ansari; Zahra Salimi; Abdul Ali Al-Boyeh Langroudi
Abstract
Among different types of texts for translation, poems are one of the challenging ones given their aesthetic specifications that are in harmony with the meaning. A poem can convey a variety of aspects of meaning to the audience, which is not easy to do in other ways. In addition, creating a balance at ...
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Among different types of texts for translation, poems are one of the challenging ones given their aesthetic specifications that are in harmony with the meaning. A poem can convey a variety of aspects of meaning to the audience, which is not easy to do in other ways. In addition, creating a balance at all levels of the target text to create an equal and similar text to the original text is not feasible, which in many cases leads to a failure to convey the whole meaning and concept. Literary recreation is an approach that is expected to attract more attention for making a versified version of the poem translation. The present study examines Jami Poetry Collection by Taiyeh ibn Faraz in terms of semantic, superficial, and aesthetic aspects and the transfer of meanings from Arabic into Farsi in a versified form. The study was carried out through a descriptive-analytical method. Taking into account the notable similarities between Jami and Taiyeh ibn Faraz’s poems in terms of words, sounds, and clarity of words, Jami’s work can be considered as a translation loyal to the original text. The poet does not attempt to create literary aspects to convey the idea via an independent work in Farsi. The translator has made himself committed to finishing the verses with words identical to the original text in terms of sound so that in many cases he has finished the sentences with the exact Arabic word. This approach has created ambiguities in the meaning and highlighted the loyalty of the translation to the original text.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Saadollah Homayooni; Maryam Fouladi
Abstract
Paying attention to contextual, cultural, and cognitive limitations in translation as a multi-dimensional process is of particular importance and the analysis of language formations from this perspective will have a significant impact on improving the quality of translation. Since cognitive structures ...
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Paying attention to contextual, cultural, and cognitive limitations in translation as a multi-dimensional process is of particular importance and the analysis of language formations from this perspective will have a significant impact on improving the quality of translation. Since cognitive structures determine the desired conceptual content through the formation of conceptual categories, it is essential to examine these metaphors as one of the most widely used language formations that play a significant role in inducing the concepts and ideas of any language. The present research aims to discuss the meaning load of each of these metaphors and how to translate them equally or unequally, while examining examples of conceptual metaphors in Persian, Arabic, and English, using the analytical-comparative method. The results indicate that the conceptual metaphors in the above-mentioned languages are culture-based and are formed according to the lived experiences of the speakers of these languages and they have had a significant impact on the conceptualizations. Therefore, the translation that is considered to convey the meaning of the expressions must be an unequal translation and in accordance with the culture and lived experiences of the speakers of the target language. Consequently, in general, it can be said that paying attention to cognitive categories in translation and conceptualizing the message based on the intellectual and cultural foundations of the source and the target language leads to a correct understanding of the worlds of meaning in the two languages and, accordingly, provides a suitable translation. Based on this, the translator, without forcing himself to be balanced in the translation, should transfer the concepts according to the system of knowledge, epistemology, culture, and worldview of the target language.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the world of childhood is one of the most important periods in the life of every human being, a period during which everyone's personality is formed. Therefore, education and intellectual products offered to the child in this period are significant. Animation is a tool affecting the thinking ...
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Undoubtedly, the world of childhood is one of the most important periods in the life of every human being, a period during which everyone's personality is formed. Therefore, education and intellectual products offered to the child in this period are significant. Animation is a tool affecting the thinking of this age group. Among the humor works that have been done in this field in Iran is the "Shekarestan" animation TV series (2008). It is rooted in old Iranian-Eastern stories, proverbs, fables, and folk tales. This animation TV series has been dubbed into other languages including Arabic. The humor used in this series has special subtleties, which require a lot of care and attention to translate into Arabic. This paper seeks to criticize and analyze the humor translation methods used in the story "False Brother" of this series via a descriptive-analytical method based on the humor translation approach of Magdalena Panek. The result shows that the literal translation method, which is the most profitable humor translation method from the author's point of view, has a high frequency in this part of the series, and this issue has greatly reduced the artistic value of the dubbing group. However, for their efforts, this group has used other strategies of Panek’s techniques, such as modulation, paraphrase, condensation, substitution, deletion, neologisms, and transposition. The general result of this research is that the Arabic dubbing team has not been very successful in localizing this part of Shekarestan in Arabic culture and the humor used in the original language of this story has been sacrificed to the Arabic dubbing.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Masoud Fekri; Neda Fazeli
Abstract
The novel "Kiss the Lovely Face of God" is one of the successful fiction works of recent years in Persian literature, which attracted the attention of Iranian readers and translators of other languages. Due to entering various social and cultural situations in the modern and urban areas of Iran, this ...
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The novel "Kiss the Lovely Face of God" is one of the successful fiction works of recent years in Persian literature, which attracted the attention of Iranian readers and translators of other languages. Due to entering various social and cultural situations in the modern and urban areas of Iran, this novel contains many cultural components that challenge translators. Going through these cultural components requires exact interaction and familiarity with contemporary Iranian culture. This work was translated into Arabic twice in 2014. "Ivir" offers seven strategies for translating cultural elements, including borrowing, defining, literal translating, replacing, word-building, and deleting and adding. In this study, the performance of two translators of the novel "Kiss the Lovely Face of God" in the transfer of cultural elements based on "Ivir" approaches has been investigated. By analyzing and comparing the two translations, it is clear that the most used method is the replacing strategy, which is sometimes accompanied by defining and adding.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Narges Khosravi Savadjani; Roghayeh Rostampour Maleki
Abstract
The stanza form of the contemporary poem doesn't have any predetermined format and it is the poet who designs its written structure based on his intended meanings. In Umberto Eco's cultural semiotics, images and forms can be studied in the form of "stylization" and "invention". The present article having ...
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The stanza form of the contemporary poem doesn't have any predetermined format and it is the poet who designs its written structure based on his intended meanings. In Umberto Eco's cultural semiotics, images and forms can be studied in the form of "stylization" and "invention". The present article having a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on the semiotic opinions of Umberto Eco, has examined the reflection of contemporary Arabic poetry in Persian translation. The research data were chosen from the collection of Al-Ketab: Past Place Now (2018), which is translated by Amir Hossein Allahyari from Al-Ketab: Ams Al-Makan Alaan Adonis. The writing form and format chosen by Adonis to write the poems in the Al-ketab contains many meanings and has served the meanings of the poetic text. The results of the study indicate that Adonis started innovating and styling by writing Al-ketab in manuscript format and using norm deviation in the written form. In many cases, Allahyari has not succeeded in conveying these two ways of sign production to the target text. Sometimes, he has produced innovations and stylistics in the target text that were not used in the original poem in order to better convey the content of the poem.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Seyed Mehdi Masboogh; Solmaz Ghafari
Abstract
Aesthetic theory is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism that was developed by the followers of the German school of Constance under the influence of the school of phenomenology. Since this theory focuses on the reader and his perception of the work, it seeks to examine the multiplicity ...
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Aesthetic theory is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism that was developed by the followers of the German school of Constance under the influence of the school of phenomenology. Since this theory focuses on the reader and his perception of the work, it seeks to examine the multiplicity of horizons in the reception process based on the translators' strategies and their interpretations of reading the text. The novel "Season of Migration to the North" by the Sudanese writer Al-Tayyib Saleh is one of the best novels of the twentieth century and has a high literary status. This research, which is organized by the descriptive-analytical method and confrontational approach with the aim of explaining the uncertainty of meaning and the reader's activity in reading the text, has investigated the various semantic readings of this novel based on the aesthetic theory of receiving at three levels of words, phrases, and structure in three translations of Davis (Arabic-English), Ghabraei (English-Persian), and Ameri (Arabic-Persian), and examined how to accept the text on the basis of establishing the artistic position of the work in different horizons and its richness from one translator to another. The result showed that a reader who, in response to white spaces and gaps, interprets and updates the text in a natural way and provides an explicit reading in accordance with the rules of the target language, can overcome the aesthetics of the target text. Accordingly, Ghabraei as a reader has been able to move from a simple reading to a critical understanding by filling in the gaps in accordance with the spirit of a culture. His participation in the reading process, relying on his semantic horizon, has both preserved the beauty of the source text and added to the aesthetic components of the target text.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Yosra Shadman; Mina Arabi
Abstract
In order to improve the quality of translation, theorists have provided many models, each of which shows the acceptability of literary works in the target language. By evaluating the translation in the form of a pattern, the positive and negative features of the translation show themselves, and this ...
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In order to improve the quality of translation, theorists have provided many models, each of which shows the acceptability of literary works in the target language. By evaluating the translation in the form of a pattern, the positive and negative features of the translation show themselves, and this indicates the adequacy and acceptability of a translation. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate and criticize the translation of the novel "Tashari" written by Anam Kajaji under the title "My Pieces" by the efforts of Karim Pour Zubeid based on the model suggested by Garces. Garcés's model is one of the most basic theories in the field of linguistics, the main purpose of which is to determine the qualitative level of translations. Garcés analyzes four levels to evaluate translation, each of which is formed by subcategories. The most important findings of this research, which have been written by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods, indicate that: Poor Zubeid did not rely on the source language and even in some cases disrupted the main concepts of the story. It also has the highest case density at the (stylistic-scientific) level, and since the subsets of this level are included in the form of negative features, it can be said that this translation does not have the necessary adequacy and acceptability.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Soudabeh Ebrahimi Fahraji; Rohollah Sayadi Nezhad; Ali Najafi Ivaki
Abstract
Language is a translation of imagination and mental concepts, so the connection between language and translation is an irrefutable fact. Applicability as a subbranch of morphology studies examines some of the speeches inside context. Speech act is one of the most important applicability concepts, which ...
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Language is a translation of imagination and mental concepts, so the connection between language and translation is an irrefutable fact. Applicability as a subbranch of morphology studies examines some of the speeches inside context. Speech act is one of the most important applicability concepts, which is somehow related to discourse analysis since discourse is a series of speech acts. Because of the importance of this topic, writers want to compare the translation of speech acts in Maryam Surah based on translations of 5 different translators, Ghomshei, Khorramshahi, Fouladvand, Saffarzadeh and Makarem Shirazi by a descriptive-analytic method. One of the results of this research is that translators did well in translating direct speech act like direct and true imperative action and promissory act, but in the translation of declarative, emotional, persuasive, and especially interrogative actions, which sometimes deviate from their original meaning due to rhetorical reasons, they performed poorly and in some cases did not even convey the meaning to the reader and just paid attention to the syntactic structure of the verse. The other result is that these translations didn’t pay attention to the context and important elements in speech like speaker, audience and message and time, and place and also didn’t use important ways of transmitting speech act, especially indirect speech acts such as punctuation marks and some syntactical and musical norms of the Qur'an.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Alireza Arabameri; Fereshteh Afzali
Abstract
The model of critical analysis of translation, which redefines translation based on the concept of "filtering", is fundamentally based on Halliday's theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (1978), and filters a communicative event linguistically, culturally, and ideologically. In particular, whenever ...
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The model of critical analysis of translation, which redefines translation based on the concept of "filtering", is fundamentally based on Halliday's theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (1978), and filters a communicative event linguistically, culturally, and ideologically. In particular, whenever a translator feels the need to apply cultural filtering, it can be expected that the result of his/her work will be relatively inclined towards acceptable translation. The present study descriptively-analytically seeks to evaluate the application of cultural filter in Salim Abdul Amir Hamdan's Arabic translation of Houshang Golshiri’s Prince Ehtejab and Lidded Mirrors, which is full of idiomatic expressions, and to indicate to what extent the use of cultural filtering by the translator of these two works fit with the structural features in the target system. Therefore, we divided the approaches employed by the translator of these two novels into 4 parts: Negative approach (omission of idiomatic expression) 2- Application of cultural filtering using the "equivalence-finding" approach 3- Application of cultural filtering using "equivalencing" approach 4- Literal translation of the term of source in the target language. The findings of this study show that the translator implements almost the same cultural context in the target system. Furthermore, among the approaches used, cultural equivalence-finding (59.2%) has the highest frequency, and omission (2.3%) has the lowest frequency.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Ali Sayadani; Yazdan Heydarpour Marand
Abstract
One of the challenges that translators of literacy and non-literary texts face is rendering and finding equivalents for figures of speech. In this regard, translating simile and compound adjectives are of great importance. Most of the challenges in translating such figures of speech are due to cognitive ...
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One of the challenges that translators of literacy and non-literary texts face is rendering and finding equivalents for figures of speech. In this regard, translating simile and compound adjectives are of great importance. Most of the challenges in translating such figures of speech are due to cognitive and cultural differences between the source and target languages. By paying attention to the differences, translators can overcome the challenges. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study dealt with the nature, function, and criteria of categorizing similes and compound adjectives in Bahrampour’s translations of Sermons and Letters of Nahj al-Balagha. Applying Pierini’s (2007) model, the study then explored the strategies used for dealing with problems in translating the figures of speech. Pierini uses domestication strategy for translation in such cases. Considering the strategy, he introduces two strategies for compound adjectives and six strategies for translating similes. The results show that when translating all compound adjectives and similes, the used translation methods that are based on domestication of language and culture, are appropriate and applicable; since in this translation, Bahrampour has used a literary method and the correspondence shows the closeness between source and target languages.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Masoumeh Ghanbarnejad; Ebrahim Anari Bozchaloui; Mohammad Jorfi; Ahmad Omidali
Abstract
Deviation from the usual lexical arrangement in any language creates constructions called marked informational constructions. Marked constructions have pragmatic meanings and a communicative role in the discourse, and since translation is a communicative act, it is necessary to pay attention to these ...
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Deviation from the usual lexical arrangement in any language creates constructions called marked informational constructions. Marked constructions have pragmatic meanings and a communicative role in the discourse, and since translation is a communicative act, it is necessary to pay attention to these constructions in order to establish a pragmatic and communicative balance between the discourse of source and target. In this research, after examining the theoretical foundations of information construction and the initiation process, which is one of the most important information constructions, seven examples of Persian translations of the novels "Al-Shahaz" and "Al-Tariq" by Naguib Mahfouz, a famous Egyptian writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, are shown in a descriptive-analytical manner. The novel "Al-Shahaz" was translated into Farsi by Mohammad Dehghani under the title "Gada" and the novel "Al-Tariq" by Mohammad Reza Marashipour under the title "Rah". In the works of Najib Mahfouz, including the two mentioned novels, deviations from the usual lexical arrangement have marked informative constructions of signs, which make their correct transmission in the same signified form necessary to express the author's intention. The results obtained from this research have shown that the translators often translated with their own linguistic symbols and as a result, they translated the marked constructions in an unmarked form. This has caused a part of the meaning intended by the author to not be expressed, and the communication and role balance between the two discourses has not been achieved.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Mohammadnabi Ahmadi; Yahya Babaei
Abstract
Each of the translation theorists has more or less been able to influence the history of translation with their works and opinions. Among them were Jean-Paul Vienne and Jean Darbelne in 1958. They published a book entitled "French and English Comparative Stylistics". This book introduces the techniques ...
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Each of the translation theorists has more or less been able to influence the history of translation with their works and opinions. Among them were Jean-Paul Vienne and Jean Darbelne in 1958. They published a book entitled "French and English Comparative Stylistics". This book introduces the techniques that every translator uses, and due to the significant impact this work has had on the history of translation, it has actually become an important reference for translation techniques. In the present study, after providing a brief definition for each of these techniques, examples are mentioned for each. After exploring and comparing the translated text with the original text of the famous novel "Sayyid al-Qamar" and in accordance with the same technique, these samples have been selected to analyze the translation of this novel written by Ms. Jokheh al-Harithi (2010) and Mohammad Hezbai Zadeh. He translated it as "Women of the Moon". This article seeks to evaluate the translation of the novel based on the opinions of famous translation theorists and in a problem-oriented study with an analytical-descriptive method to measure the tendency and success of the translator in using these techniques, which in the end, the translator has taken a destination-oriented approach due to his special attention to the reader's understanding and communication with him. Therefore, to create a fluent and understandable text, it has used less direct techniques and more indirect methods to finally provide a readable translation in Persian whose expressions and terms are familiar to the Persian-language readers and free of ambiguity and complexity, and is appropriate to the level of readers of a novel.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Zahra Karamzadegan
Abstract
The present study, within the framework of cognitive semantics, has addressed the issue of imaginary schemas in the book of Siboyeh as a grammatical text and how it is reflected in the Persian translation. The purpose of this research is to explain the conceptual constructions as the substructure of ...
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The present study, within the framework of cognitive semantics, has addressed the issue of imaginary schemas in the book of Siboyeh as a grammatical text and how it is reflected in the Persian translation. The purpose of this research is to explain the conceptual constructions as the substructure of language patterns in order to reach the intellectual foundations of the author and to make the book easier to understand and then to provide an accurate translation. The adopted descriptive-analytical method is based on incomplete induction and relying on Evans and Green's schematic model. Sampling has been done from eleven chapters (8666 words) of the al-Kitab that deals with the topic of al- Eshteghal. Power, containment, space, and displacement schemas had the highest frequency, respectively. In the translation, due to the stylistic features of Sibawayh, the two methods of terminological clarification and translation have led to the removal or replacement of the schemas of space, displacement and containment in significant cases, but the schemas of power They are represented in the target language with a similar linguistic structure.
