Gholamreza Karimifard; Hamidreza Pirmoradian; ali babaeidamtasoj
Abstract
Kalila and Demna was translated into Pahlavi language by Borzuya and two centuries later into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa'. Later, in the sixth century AH, as the Pahlavi version was lost, the Arabic translation became the basis for translators such as Nasrullah Munshi and Muhammad ibn Abdullah Bukhari. ...
Read More
Kalila and Demna was translated into Pahlavi language by Borzuya and two centuries later into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa'. Later, in the sixth century AH, as the Pahlavi version was lost, the Arabic translation became the basis for translators such as Nasrullah Munshi and Muhammad ibn Abdullah Bukhari. This article seeks to examine the similarities and differences between the two translations by focusing on the story of the Pious Man and the Skunk. For this purpose, the present article relies on the analytical-descriptive method and Eugene Nida’s Translation theory. The results of this study show that both translators, by distancing from word-for-word translation, which was very common at the time, relied on eloquence and made adjustments and immersed the reader in the discourse of the story. However, Nasrullah Munshi was more concerned with delivering the proper effect and conveying the main message of the text to the audience. Therefore, he made more adjustments in his translation and hence, added Quranic verses, hadiths, poems and Arabic proverbs to his translation which became closer to Nida's dynamic equivalence. On the other hand, Bukhari, on the order of the Shah who was the audience of his translation, remained faithful to the original text, sticking to the details and frameworks of the stories, hence, it is inclined toward Nida’s features of formal equivalence. Yet, he also sometimes makes minor adjustments in translation due to cross-cultural and cross-lingual differences, which are not very frequent compared to Munshi’s translation.
Fatemeh Akbarizadeh; Farideh Haghbin; Fatemeh Rezaei
Abstract
With regads to the achievements of role-oriented linguistics science, understsnding message and information as the speaker communicate with his/her audience is impossible only to have linguistic knowledge and acquaintance with the meaning of the vocabulary and phrases as well as acquaintance with the ...
Read More
With regads to the achievements of role-oriented linguistics science, understsnding message and information as the speaker communicate with his/her audience is impossible only to have linguistic knowledge and acquaintance with the meaning of the vocabulary and phrases as well as acquaintance with the apparent statement of sentence, but various linguistic forms according to their communicative role in different situation form different structures which is known as information structure. Among these information structures are focalization. Shahrdzad and Tofigholhakim's play is considered in Arabic literature as a literary work includes marked information structure that its exact translation is so important to translate the meaning desired by the author, so the research needs to find out whether the marked information structures from target language marked in the same way and based on situational texture has been translated into persian language or not. For this purpose marked information structures for Shahzad's play in Arabic language are against the Persian translation of two translators Ayati and Shariat. With regards to purposeful translation in order to transfer meaning desired by the author to a reader in target language; descriptive - analytic method was used. The results indicate that the tanslators of play through translation have used unmarked sentences. Few sentences have been translated into marked form. Though despite the differences in marked structures in both languages a translator by recognizing linguistic forms in focalized information structure and left dislocation can find relatively strong equation for the structures.
Zohreh Ghorbanimadavani
Abstract
One of the problems that every translator faces when translating from one language to another is the fixed idioms and expressions of a language, as they form part of the culture of a language. Jalal al-Ahmad's "Nun and Al-Qalam" story is one of the few stories full of idioms and proverbs. The story has ...
Read More
One of the problems that every translator faces when translating from one language to another is the fixed idioms and expressions of a language, as they form part of the culture of a language. Jalal al-Ahmad's "Nun and Al-Qalam" story is one of the few stories full of idioms and proverbs. The story has been translated into Arabic by Mrs. Majedeh Mohammad Ali Anani, a lecturer at the Faculty of Literature, University of Halavan. In this regard, several approaches have been adopted to translate these terms that can be studied and researched according to Mona Baker's theory. Mona Baker has suggested some strategies to translate idioms such as preserving form and meaning, preserving meaning and changing form, transformation, omission and so on. This study aims to examine the Arabic translation of the original text in the context of this theory. The findings of this study obtained through a descriptive-analytical approach show that the translator of the story "Nun and Al-Qalam" is more interested to use the approach of preserving meaning and changing form. Thus, the translator has translated the idiomatic expressions by understanding the ironic meaning of the idioms and in the meantime a literal translation has been used due not recognizing some expressions, and although it seems logical and transparent, but in fact it is inaccurate regarding the context of expression.
Maryam Hajizadeh; Ahmadreza Saedi; Mansureh Zarkoob; Mahmoud Afrouz
Abstract
Humor is one of the interesting aspects of language dealing with cultural, political, and social issues indirectly. Due to escaping criticism and filtering, humor is drawn on to establish a close relationship with the audience. With the advent of new communication tools, the translation of humorous expressions, ...
Read More
Humor is one of the interesting aspects of language dealing with cultural, political, and social issues indirectly. Due to escaping criticism and filtering, humor is drawn on to establish a close relationship with the audience. With the advent of new communication tools, the translation of humorous expressions, especially in short and long films and series, began to take on new aspects. Accordingly, the present study aimed at evaluating the translator’s performance in translation of humorous expressions. To achieve this aim, in the research procedures, the data obtained from the Persian dubbing of the "general manager's" series (in Syrian accent) which was broadcasted from Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) were evaluated. In fact, 215 humorous expressions were extracted from the series and the frequency of using translation strategies proposed by Gottlieb (1992) was determined. The findings revealed that "paraphrasing" and "dislocation" were among the most frequently used strategies of the translator. Furthermore, cultural restrictions not only have led to the "condensation" of the expressions but also to omission of some sequences of the movie.
Ali Saeidavi; Sayed Heiman Mahdi
Abstract
Cultural differences between different societies and different attitudes towards the world not only cause differences in custom and habits, but also affect the lexical and grammatical structure of the language. This issue is addressed in modern linguistics as linguistic relativity, and is interpreted ...
Read More
Cultural differences between different societies and different attitudes towards the world not only cause differences in custom and habits, but also affect the lexical and grammatical structure of the language. This issue is addressed in modern linguistics as linguistic relativity, and is interpreted as the Sapir-Worf Theory. The topic of translation is one of the topics that can be discussed in the context of linguistic relativity. The translator must take into account lexical or grammatical differences in order to harmonize his translation with the target language. Because ignoring these differences in both the source and target languages may cause ambiguity or even errors in translation. In this paper, the writers have examined the relevance of linguistic relativity in translating the novel Al-Shahaz (The Beggar) by Naguib Mahfouz into two themes of division of day and night and gender. The examples presented show that the translation of Mohammad Dehghani, despite all the aesthetics and delicacies, contains sentences that the translator has not considered linguistic relativism in the division of day and night and gender structure, and that the translation ultimately contains ambiguous expressions, and it is not even without errors.
Marzie Rabiei; Abdolali Alebooye Langerodi; Ahmad Pashazanos
Abstract
Cultural elements are the identity of a nation and can also be added to the cultural transfer of the destination if it is correctly translated. Therefore, the translator must have sufficient control over the language of the source language and the target language, while at the same time interpreting. ...
Read More
Cultural elements are the identity of a nation and can also be added to the cultural transfer of the destination if it is correctly translated. Therefore, the translator must have sufficient control over the language of the source language and the target language, while at the same time interpreting. The present study intends to examine the equivalence of the cultural elements of the novel "Noun Valley" by Jalal Al-Ahmad based on the categorization of Sadegh Hedayat's cultural categories in the Arabic translation of Majeede Al-Annani. Since the transmission of all the semantic layers of a word from one language to another is difficult and cannot be precisely determined for each of the cultural elements of the language in the target language, the explanation of the concept of each term commensurate with the semantic realm and cultural theme requires an independent solution to equivalence Is. Hence, the Newark guidelines are the basis of this research. The findings of this research, which have been deductively inductively, and its important examples have been chosen as the content of the article, suggests that in translating cultural material elements, the interpreter has often used the cultural equivalents and descriptive equivalents that can be derived from the cultural-cultural coherence of the source and the destination. In the translation of the spiritual elements of the translator, in addition to the cultural mean, the functional equivalent and the descriptive equivalent of the compilation method are used and explains the interpretation of the desired category.
Mohammad Rahimi Khoigani; Askarali Karami; Hamid Bagheri Dehbarz
Abstract
This research aims at studying and criticizing Mohammad Dashtee’s selections in his translation from Nahjolbalaghe according to meaning and terminology level of Garces translation assessment. For this purpose, Garces thesis has been introduced, then the elements that were applicable to Dashtee’s ...
Read More
This research aims at studying and criticizing Mohammad Dashtee’s selections in his translation from Nahjolbalaghe according to meaning and terminology level of Garces translation assessment. For this purpose, Garces thesis has been introduced, then the elements that were applicable to Dashtee’s translation had been explained in details. The main findings of this research based on analytical-descriptive approach show that Dashtee in his lexical selecting is relying usually on the lexical extension at different models and above all on interpretive and ideological explanation. He has removed lexical ambiguities of Emam Ali’s speech or interpreted them according to his opinion, and tried not to be any ambiguous words in his work.
Alireza Nazari; Leila Jalali Habib Abadi
Abstract
Narrative work is one of the literary types that have more cultural and indigenous elements than other literary forms, and this plays a key role in the translation research, from the theory of translation and translation strategies. ‘The Blind Owl’ is one of the masterpieces of contemporary ...
Read More
Narrative work is one of the literary types that have more cultural and indigenous elements than other literary forms, and this plays a key role in the translation research, from the theory of translation and translation strategies. ‘The Blind Owl’ is one of the masterpieces of contemporary Persian literature, which has many cultural components in many places, so that translators are faced with many challenges in translating it into other languages. This prominent novel was translated into Arabic by Ibrahim El Desouki. Ivir is one of the theorists who have presented his own approach to translating cultural elements, which includes transcription, definition, literal translation, substitution, lexical creation, omission, and addition. The present study aims to investigate translation methods of cultural elements of the Blind Owl in Arabic based on Ivir’s approach using the descriptive-analytical method. By analyzing the translation method of the Blind Owl, it is evident that in most cultural cases the translator has preferred to use the mixed method, whether in the combination of replacement and definition, and/or borrowing and definition, and even addition and definition in the footnotes. By analyzing the method of translating the Blind Owl, it is clear that in most cultural cases the translator has preferred to address equivalence by substitution method, although such an approach has some problems. In cases where the translator has succeeded in the translation, it is because he has used footnotes to explicate the cultural elements.
fatemeh sarparast; Abdolali Alebooye Langeroodi; Mohsen Seifi
Abstract
Mohammed al-Foraati (1880-1978), translator and poet Syrian translated a selection of Hafiz's lyrics into poetry. Despite his familiarity with Persian language, he has not been successful in understanding, receiving, and transmitting the long-standing mystical concepts of hafezshirazi. Therefore, this ...
Read More
Mohammed al-Foraati (1880-1978), translator and poet Syrian translated a selection of Hafiz's lyrics into poetry. Despite his familiarity with Persian language, he has not been successful in understanding, receiving, and transmitting the long-standing mystical concepts of hafezshirazi. Therefore, this essay attempts to investigate and evaluate the semantic comprehension of the terms, vocabulary, and mystical expressions contained in Hafez's poetry by Mohammad al-Foratti, in order to clarify to the audience whether the translator has beautifully transmitted the semantic content of the poet's words to the audience. However, in most cases of rotation, the inevitable changes and increments in his reproduction are observed, which not only did not create an insult to the poetic words of the poet, but also added to the beauty of the translator's words, and the audience to this important It turns out that the presentation of a complete translation equilibrium to the order of work is quite difficult and inevitable It is.
Alireza Nazari
Abstract
In relation to language and thought, discussion of language relativity can still be controversial. This hypothesis, more often known as “Sapir–Whorf hypothesis” is based on how language impacts on thought. In its extreme form, it is language that determines and directs thought, and ...
Read More
In relation to language and thought, discussion of language relativity can still be controversial. This hypothesis, more often known as “Sapir–Whorf hypothesis” is based on how language impacts on thought. In its extreme form, it is language that determines and directs thought, and in its mildest form, language affects parts of thinking. The basis of this hypothesis is that the speakers of every language encounters and conceptualizes the world through their own language. Therefore, linguistic differences sometimes lead to differences in the worldviews. Naturally, translation, which transmits data from one language to another, will be affected by such relativity. This article, by a descriptive-analysis, seeks to categorize distinct relativities in Arabic and its effect on the translation of Arabic texts, especially ancient texts into Persian. It seems that based on the distinct Arabic origins of Persian and different pre-Islamic cultural dimensions it would be possible to consider categories of mild relativity in order to confront the translation of Arabic texts with particular challenges. The basic question of the research is to explain the grammatical categories of relativism and how it affects the translation from Arabic. This ultimately leads to the conclusion that the categories of time, number, and gender in verbs, some conjugations, color, descriptions, as well as, some natural phenomena indicate that Arabic, especially in its early periods, is far more atomistic than Persian. In other words, it separates the outer world with more sections, and In this regard, the special attention of translators is required.
Narges Ansari
Abstract
Loyalty, recreation and literary creation are three distinct approaches in translation which are achieved in different layers of semantics, surface and tone while some are related to another. Loyalty is essential for recreation and without recreation, the translation will not be sufficiently expressive ...
Read More
Loyalty, recreation and literary creation are three distinct approaches in translation which are achieved in different layers of semantics, surface and tone while some are related to another. Loyalty is essential for recreation and without recreation, the translation will not be sufficiently expressive in the target language. Beyond recreation, literary creation offers an exquisite work without respecting the principle of loyalty. This exquisite work is different in many linguistic and even semantic layers from poetry that is more evident because of its literary features, especially if the translator is a tasteful poet. With the help of stylistic analysis, the current research tries to investigate the poem of Jami which has been written under the great influence of Al-Farazdaq’s fine eulogies in praise of Imam al-Sajjad. This is to determine the manner and measure of loyalty, recreation and literary recreation of the poem of Jami toward the poem of Al-Farazdaq, according to the features of Jami’s work and commonalities and distinctions among the two literary Pieces in domains of semantics, surface and Aesthetics. This research uses descriptive-analytical approach; however, in some cases statistical approach will be used to determine the amount of creativity and innovation or loyalty of Jami toward the original text. Considering the clear distinctions between the poem of Jami and Al-Farazdaq in the layers of phonetics, vocabulary, rhetoric, emotion and Syntax, Jami’s work is not only a loyal translation of the source text but also a translation which is comparable to something created and is related to the source in general. However, there is no corresponding relationship between them in terms of detail and verses.
reza nazemian; zohreh ghorbani
Abstract
Language of journalism is the defending shield for standard Arabic, meaning that new word formations and grammar patterns which enter Arabic language from foreign languages, first pass through the press language and enter standard Arabic after being accepted by the media and the press. This paper attempts ...
Read More
Language of journalism is the defending shield for standard Arabic, meaning that new word formations and grammar patterns which enter Arabic language from foreign languages, first pass through the press language and enter standard Arabic after being accepted by the media and the press. This paper attempts to mention those patterns and compare them with standard Arabic and analyze the impact these differences can have on translation. These negative impacts include expansion of derivation circle, emergence of special expressions, not paying attention to Arabic grammar, and a permission for borrowing foreign expressions, etc. which can lead translators astray. The major differences between journalism language and standard language can be divided in three categories: structures with less effort, imported structures, and structures obtained from spoken language. The impact of journalism language on translation can be better analyzed regarding structures with less effort and imported structures.
shahram delshad; seyed mehdi masbogh; salah abdi
Abstract
Jean-Rene Ladmiral, a well-known French theorist, considers components to face translation problems which should be announced and respected by the translator. This target-oriented theorist believes that limiting translation to simple encoding is not correct and paraphrasing should accompany translation. ...
Read More
Jean-Rene Ladmiral, a well-known French theorist, considers components to face translation problems which should be announced and respected by the translator. This target-oriented theorist believes that limiting translation to simple encoding is not correct and paraphrasing should accompany translation. In this case, the translator will produce meaning or new creation. The following query by the use of descriptive-analytical method tries to review the translation of Tasouji from basic story of "Thousand and One Nights" according to the applicable theory of Ladmiral that will evaluate translator's performance in the translation of source text. By accepting this principle that the most suitable method for translating the book of "Thousand and One Nights" is target-oriented and free one that pays attention to the meaning and sense rather than vocabularies and phrases, Writers of this article consider Ladmiral theory as the most congruous theory with this principle. Therefore, they have used Ladmiral nominated components as the basic standard to review and evaluate Strengths and weaknesses of Tasouji Translation. The result of the study indicates that Tasouji translation has considerable alignment with Ladmiral theory and translator could create beautiful artwork which is in accordance with the cultural context of target language while considering recreation and producing sense as well.
Yousef Nazari
Abstract
Syntactic ambiguity is divided into linguistic and literary types. Grammatical ambiguity is a type of linguistic ambiguity which is in turn divided into group and structural types. This type of ambiguity refers to situations when the arrangements of words make different meanings. The meanings can be ...
Read More
Syntactic ambiguity is divided into linguistic and literary types. Grammatical ambiguity is a type of linguistic ambiguity which is in turn divided into group and structural types. This type of ambiguity refers to situations when the arrangements of words make different meanings. The meanings can be integrated, but, they sometimes are in conflict with each other. Addition of the infinitive to the subject or object, the reference of a pronoun, using conjunctions to connect the modified or modifiers, having declarative or compositional sentences, clauses, having several cases, similarity of case roles, genitive conjunction, cognate object, cause, adverbial and object, statement, the similarity between conjunctives and connectives, subsidiary subject and predicate, and several meanings of prepositions are aspects of syntactic ambiguity that have been considered in this study and are effective in translations of the Holy Quran. Attention to the linguistic and non-linguistic contexts of the utterances can to a large extent resolve difficulties in understanding meaning. The problem lies in situations where there are not enough clues for understanding meanings, and it is not possible to integrate different meanings.
Mohammad Reza Azizi; Tayyebeh Ahmadpour; Hassan Emami; Moradali Vaezi
Abstract
Wine is an old and rich symbol in Persian literature which has dedicated itself a wide range of conflicting thoughts. This symbol in Iranian culture allows the addressee to have a materialistic or spiritual understanding of it according to his or her suspicion and character. This research seeks to select ...
Read More
Wine is an old and rich symbol in Persian literature which has dedicated itself a wide range of conflicting thoughts. This symbol in Iranian culture allows the addressee to have a materialistic or spiritual understanding of it according to his or her suspicion and character. This research seeks to select the common Rubaiyat among three Arab translators about wine and vinosity and compare the translators’ understandings about wine. Invitation to drinking is chosen because wine in Khayyam Rubaiyat is the symbol for seizing time and it is considered as an image of thought and the main theme for the poet. How did the translator react to joyfulness and invitation to drink wine by Khayyam? What effects do the taste and ideology of the translator have in rendering this motif in Khayyam poetry in Arabic, and what intricacies are followed by their translations? This research is limited to three translations of Ebrahim Qoreyz, Ahmad Safi and Ahmad Najafi. Each translator employing strategies such as a stipulation, omission, and refined thought has conveyed his interpretation and has placed his character and emotion in the target language during the process of transmission. This happens because the translator cannot translate free of his character even in literal translations. The research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytic with a lexical approach.
Mohsen Seifi; Najmeh Fathalizadeh
Abstract
Translation of literary works of mystic scholars and wayfarer poets due to use of convolutions, the application of secrets, and specific terms has always been one of the main challenges facing translators. “Ghazaliyat-e-Shams”, a collection of mystical poems by Mawlana, have been translated ...
Read More
Translation of literary works of mystic scholars and wayfarer poets due to use of convolutions, the application of secrets, and specific terms has always been one of the main challenges facing translators. “Ghazaliyat-e-Shams”, a collection of mystical poems by Mawlana, have been translated into Arabic several times. Among these, the translation of "Mohammed Saeed Jamal al-Din" is presented as a selection of sonnets of Shams. This study attempts with a descriptive-analytical method to examine some of the failures of this translation and the factors that affect it. The lack of command of translator in Farsi, inaccuracy in reading words and phrases, presence of homonym (a word that sounds the same or is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning), misdiagnosis of the subject from the object, and inattention to punctuation in the original text are of influence on an incorrect translation of some verses of The Works of Shams. Obviously, the fact that this collection has been translated into prose in Arabic, the prosodic differences between the two works will not be investigated.
Alireza Nazari; Zohreh Asadollahpoor Araghi
Abstract
Language interference or the blend of two languages is a distinctive feature that relates both Persian and Arabic. Emergence of Islam in Iran established a closed and deep connection between these two languages. This connection resulted in a collateral effect especially in the lexical aspects; this means ...
Read More
Language interference or the blend of two languages is a distinctive feature that relates both Persian and Arabic. Emergence of Islam in Iran established a closed and deep connection between these two languages. This connection resulted in a collateral effect especially in the lexical aspects; this means that the involved words or loanwords exchanged between the two languages signified that the Arabic loanwords are far greater in number than Persian ones. Although some words maintained their phonological and written form, there are many other words that have been changed over the centuries in terms of meaning and usage. In some cases, the written form has stayed the same but is considered completely different in terms of linguistic signs. This creates problems for the translators. The present paper aims to employ field experiments design analysis and interpretation to present general and new categories of involved Arabic words and distinguish the effective aspects of each category in translation. It also endeavors to demonstrate that translating from Arabic into Persian, despite the many involved words, may be helpful; however, considering their semantic transformation and functional differences or the distinctiveness of the other group, deviation may happen in finding equivalents.
Ali Saberi
Abstract
In the holy Quran, there are some words that translators for their translation to other languages need to have special precision and contemplation. One example of such words is reduction and amplification devices that the presence of these words in the text sometimes causes inconsistency or error in ...
Read More
In the holy Quran, there are some words that translators for their translation to other languages need to have special precision and contemplation. One example of such words is reduction and amplification devices that the presence of these words in the text sometimes causes inconsistency or error in the translation. Additionally, it is sometimes seen that the translators ignore them. Such disorganization in the translation is probably attributable to various meanings of these words, such as the implication of the word " قَد"[Indicates emphasis or diminution] for emphasis, inquiry, approximation, reduction, and amplification. In addition, it sometimes bears similarity to other words, such as exclamatory “کَم “ [How many, How much, many a] to interrogatory “ کَم “. It could occur due to opposite concepts, such as the word «رُبَّ» [Indicates preponderance or diminution] that sometimes indicates the increase and other times it means shortcoming. These has caused the translators to commit errors in determining the type of these devises, their correct implication, and their part of speech. We decided to find out what are the methods of the translation of these devices and what solution can keep the translators safe from making errors? Initially, this study primarily demonstrates the disconformity between some translators and ccommentators and grammarians. Then it attempts to introduce the correct words to rectify the translation of the texts, and it scrutinizes the principles of determining the type of devices, such as «رُبّ» or «قد» that are used for reduction or amplification or other meanings and «کم» and «کأیّن» [Indicates preponderance or diminution] that are used for detection of binding element of the sentence. Therefore, a translator needs to be well aware of the rules of grammar and etymology.
Hasan Esmaeil Zadeh
Volume 5, Issue 12 , October 2015, , Pages 96-65
Abstract
Finding equivalents for the Quran words requires precise investigation of the etymology of words, studying their evolution and the verses context. In the Holy Quran, the term of ‘‘Majnun: crazy’’ is revealed 7 times in addressing to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), twice for Moses, once ...
Read More
Finding equivalents for the Quran words requires precise investigation of the etymology of words, studying their evolution and the verses context. In the Holy Quran, the term of ‘‘Majnun: crazy’’ is revealed 7 times in addressing to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), twice for Moses, once for Noah and once in general sense. According to meaning-oriented theory in translation, the meaning of each word in context is based on words that come before and after and also it determines the meaning of its neighboring words. In the Holy Quran, the term ‘‘Majnun’’ is accompanied by words such as ‘‘priest’’, ‘‘magician’’, ‘‘tutored’’ and ‘‘poet’’. With an overview of the words and their lofty position among the pre-Islamic Arabs, it is clear that the word ‘‘Majnun’’ had the same position. In this research, we are looking for explaining the neglected aspects from most translators of the Quran in Persian and by referring to desired verses, their translation and interpretation and analysis of elements that determines verses concepts, we result that all of them have translated all of mentioned words into ‘‘crazy’’ or ‘‘mad’’. As a result of these discussions it became clear that the term of ‘‘Majnun’’ in addressing to the Prophet (pbuh), does not mean ‘‘crazy’’ one due to his popularity in the community before his mission and the public beliefs about the poet. Also, the words of ‘‘Majnun’’ and ‘‘Jinni’’, of course with this explanation that both the word brings to mind a relationship with the puck, is the best equivalent for the word ‘‘Majnun’’ in these verses.
Reza Nazemian; Zohreh Ghorbani
Volume 3, Issue 9 , December 2014, , Pages 85-102
Abstract
Looking for a lexical or grammatical equivalence is a mental process which occurs in different layers of the mind. For the novice translator, who has not gained much experience, looking for equivalences and translation occurs in the first mental layer. Influenced by the translation of old texts, the ...
Read More
Looking for a lexical or grammatical equivalence is a mental process which occurs in different layers of the mind. For the novice translator, who has not gained much experience, looking for equivalences and translation occurs in the first mental layer. Influenced by the translation of old texts, the novice translator learns to write down the meaning of every word under it. He is afraid of carefully delving into the meaning of the words, and writing down the different equivalences that come into his mind.This article seeks to find some methods and approaches to translate a text fluently while maintaining accuracy. The goal of this paper is to wipe out the complexities and uncertainties that formerly overrode the translated texts so that the readers of the translation experience the same joy and entertainment that the readers of the original text experience. The overall objective of the suggested methods for finding equivalents is to decrease the dominance of the original text over the reader to the least possible degree.
Mahdi Momtahen; Iran Lak
Volume 3, Issue 9 , December 2014, , Pages 119-141
Abstract
Considering the fact that translation is the primary tool for passing the boundary of a literature and entering the territory of another literature, it is one of the factors that prevent the isolation of different literary genres of a nation and hence, its fall. The present study intends to show the ...
Read More
Considering the fact that translation is the primary tool for passing the boundary of a literature and entering the territory of another literature, it is one of the factors that prevent the isolation of different literary genres of a nation and hence, its fall. The present study intends to show the role of translation on generation and formation of nations' literary relations and show that it plays a significant role even in the comparative literature that is one of the fields related to nations' literature. This paper first points to the types of translation and its position in world literature; then to some of its functions (accuracy and translator's faithfulness in translation, the effect of translated work on the target literature, development of the art of fiction writing in classical and contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, prosperity of translation of realistic and romantic works, expansion of themes, fascinating the readers of destination language to source literature and introducing famous western writers to Persian and Arabic authors of contemporary literature). The researcher, following a descriptive and analytical method, has achieved proper solutions for examining the accuracy of the translation of literary works to compare two literary works with one common or different language.
Mohammad Reza Azizi
Volume 4, Issue 11 , September 2014, , Pages 11-28
Abstract
Each culturehas itscharacteristic and particular approach to the world around it and its interpretation of thephenomenafor various reasons, are different.ViewandverveofIranian are distinct completely even from East and adjacent cultures Therefore, the concepts taken from the Arabic culture and literature ...
Read More
Each culturehas itscharacteristic and particular approach to the world around it and its interpretation of thephenomenafor various reasons, are different.ViewandverveofIranian are distinct completely even from East and adjacent cultures Therefore, the concepts taken from the Arabic culture and literature alteredgraduallyinspaceanda new culturalposition anditis fittedwith itsspecialmood.Thisresearch emphasizes on Iranians approach at accepting some concepts of Arabic language and literature in format of various forms.Evolution of signified, Evolution of symbols and aspects of Arabic culture in Persian language and literature are investigated in this article relying ondescriptive-analytical method. It seams that climate, history, believe and social systems, power relations and etc. have affected in shapingtheworldviewandway of thinking. In other words, Iranians and Arabs have not been passive in borrowing different concepts from each other and have manipulated these concepts according to their ownverve. Many of thesemetamorphoses have occurred gradually and unconsciously in translating from Arabic into Persian and vice versa and nowadays we can use them consciously in communicative translations. These researches teaches to translators linguistic and ethnic delicacies that neglecting of it mayreduce from distinctness and delighting of work and give it translation flavor.
Alireza Nazari
Volume 4, Issue 11 , September 2014, , Pages 29-56
Abstract
Perhaps devoting of human affairs to machines is a distinctive feature of the new era; an era in which human beings with their extensive inventions, is seeking to resolve of the advanced difficulties facing life, humanneeds and devoting of it to machines that their productivity is higher and more accurate ...
Read More
Perhaps devoting of human affairs to machines is a distinctive feature of the new era; an era in which human beings with their extensive inventions, is seeking to resolve of the advanced difficulties facing life, humanneeds and devoting of it to machines that their productivity is higher and more accurate than humans. In spite of this, the man’s grandiloquence is to the extentthat seeks to devolve somespecial features ofhuman to machine such as thinking, perception,analysisand... .Need to translatation from different languagesin the shortest time possible is one of mankind's growing needsin the age of communication and speed. Therefore, the devoting of translation to the machine in the modern era is one of special efforts of some scientific fields such as artificial intelligenceand computational linguistics and… . The variable experiences of this idea have challenged its success even in similar languages. This article attempts to offer and analyze different types of challenges in machine translation from Arabic to Farsi with theanalytical approach and reference to the position and quantity of prevalence of this type of translation between the two mentioned languages and it shows that there are special challenges in the Arabic language about machine translation with absolute attitude to it and many other languages do not have those challenges; including of ambiguity in the text or vocabularies and the syntax issue. Thus, perhaps the machine translation of a language such as Arabic into Persian is one of the tougheststages in the evolution ofauniversaltranslationmachine.
Habibollah Halimi Jeloudar; Seyed Mahdi Mousavi
Volume 4, Issue 10 , July 2014, , Pages 59-78
Abstract
The seventh verse of Surah of al-Fatiha is the verses that there is difference between interpreters and translators of the Quran about it. In this paper, the end of this verse is considered from the point of view of both syntax and their role and interpretaion and translation of the words of the Quran ...
Read More
The seventh verse of Surah of al-Fatiha is the verses that there is difference between interpreters and translators of the Quran about it. In this paper, the end of this verse is considered from the point of view of both syntax and their role and interpretaion and translation of the words of the Quran that there is considerable difference between the Quranic scholars. The question of this articleis whetherthe end of this verse (not those upon whom is the anger, nor the astray.) have adjective role for the second of verse (upon whom you have favored) or is different from it?! By studying of interpretations, Related books and Data analysis,This resultwas achieved that Some people believe that the interpretation of the above phrase is adjective of “Who bestowed on them’’ that they were not disfavored of God completely and the are not astray, However,most ofthem have accepted the distinction between the two parts of the verse and they have translated theversein this way: “Guide us the path of those upon whom you have favored, not those upon who is the anger, nor the astray’’.Thisresearchemphasizes on the second translation and interpretation using interpretivetraditions and prefers it.
Ebrahim Fallah
Volume 4, Issue 10 , July 2014, , Pages 79-96
Abstract
The Holy Quran, The eternal miracle of Godandthe only outstanding book of universe has longbeenat the center ofthoughtand attention of scientists of Muslims and non-Muslim. The result of theseattentionsand thoughts is a vast heritage of valuable scientific effects which it has been presented to Islamic ...
Read More
The Holy Quran, The eternal miracle of Godandthe only outstanding book of universe has longbeenat the center ofthoughtand attention of scientists of Muslims and non-Muslim. The result of theseattentionsand thoughts is a vast heritage of valuable scientific effects which it has been presented to Islamic and religious culture in the form of interpretive literature, Quranic science and especially various translations of Quran, in the field of culture and Islamic religion. One of these translationsis the Quran translation in Persian from shah waliullah Dehlavi which is the turning point in the Sunni translations of the Quran inIndian subcontinent.Since this translation is literal, it can be criticized like other translations that it has some strength and weakness points. This study, titled“Review of the translation of the King Waliullah Dehlavi’’ is donein descriptive- analytical method and informations is collected by taking notes and its purpose is obtaining more careful and accurate translation for searching a technical literary pathology of translation of shah waliullah Dehlavi. The writer of this article intends to toreview Quran translation from Dehlavi by providinf evidences andby presenting his proposedtranslation of the Quran verses.The results of this study show the Quran translation has some errors and mistakes at grammar, Translation ofwords, Arabism at application of Vocabulary and etc and these errors has been reviewed.
