Language, as the primary instrument of human communication, plays a fundamental role in the transmission of meaning, and cohesion, as the backbone of text, is an essential condition for the realization of such effective communication. This study, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on the theoretical framework of Halliday and Hasan’s systemic functional linguistics, examines the central role of cohesion in text. A comparative analysis of Persian and Arabic text pairs in political, cultural, and sports domains shows that the reconfiguration of cohesion in translation between Persian and Arabic is a genre-sensitive process, and that differences among text genres directly affect the choice of cohesive strategies. In this sense, cultural texts require more culture-specific equivalents and emphatic repetition, scientific and political texts call for explicitation and logical connectors, while news and sports texts demand structural dynamization and specialized lexical choices. Failure to attend to genre-specific requirements, even when lexical accuracy is maintained, may lead to a breakdown of cohesion and a reduction in the communicative effectiveness of translation. Accordingly, translation success depends on reconstructing cohesion in a manner compatible with the stylistic and functional norms of each text genre. The research corpus comprises the Persian and Arabic news dispatches of Al-Alam News Network, chosen for their autonomous linguistic production and lack of translational interdependency—thereby rendering them particularly conducive to a functionalist examination of cohesive strategies in cross-cultural lexical mapping.