Translation in Arabic language and literature
Arezu Pooryazdanpanah Kermani
Abstract
The Garces model is a significant theory in the field of linguistics that focuses on the qualitative examination of translated literary works to assess the quality of translations. This approach assesses translations according to two criteria: acceptability and appropriateness. It evaluates positive ...
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The Garces model is a significant theory in the field of linguistics that focuses on the qualitative examination of translated literary works to assess the quality of translations. This approach assesses translations according to two criteria: acceptability and appropriateness. It evaluates positive and negative attributes at four different levels. The initial level of this theory focuses on analyzing the components associated with vocabulary and the transmission of meaning via language. The second level involves the analysis of syntactic and morphological components, while the third and fourth levels focus on evaluating discourse and text style. Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur’s Mantiq Al-Tair is highly esteemed Persian mystical poetry that has been translated into other languages. Currently, Dr. Badi’ MohammadJomeh’s translation, which he conducted at Ain Shams University, is the most thorough of these translations. Furthermore, Mohammad Jomeh’s original translation of Mantiq Al-Tair by Attar has been praised for its self-worth in conveying the logic and invaluable ideas of the author to the Arab world. The translation is particularly notable for its precision, conciseness, eloquence, and literary highlights. As a result, it has been subjected to examination and evaluation using the Garces model and its four levels. The research findings suggest that the translator has faithfully followed the source language in the mentioned translation. Furthermore, the translation demonstrates greater acceptability and adequacy in terms of lexical and syntactic-morphological meaning compared to the other two levels. The translator's proficiency is particularly evident at these two levels. He has employed a greater number of constructive methods. However, the translation being examined has prominently featured negative tactics at two levels of discourse: functional and stylistic-semantic. This might be attributed to the choice of content for translation, specifically mystical systems. Despite incorporating culturally similar parts, the elevation of Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh’s translation can be attributed to lexical expansion, compensation, and changes in syntax and structure.Keywords: Translation Criticism, Literary translation, Mantiq Al-Tair, ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur, Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh, Carmen Garces.IntroductionMantiq Al-Tair is a highly significant oriental text that has beentranslated into various languages. Dr. Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh, anesteemed professor specializing in oriental studies at Ain ShamsUniversity, has successfully rendered a full translation of this work into the Arabic language. Evaluating the translation is vital to ensuring its accuracy, utilizing various translation principles and approaches. Translation criticism serves as a crucial connection between translation theory and translation practice. Garces's theory is a significant destination-oriented theory that consists of four stages. Due to its complete nature, it can serve as an effective model for assessing the quality of translations, particularly in the context of literary translated works, in terms of their acceptability and adequacy. This essay aims to assess the Arabic translation of Mantiq Al-Tair by Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh using Garces' methodology, employing an analytical-descriptive approach.Literature ReviewSome significant research has been conducted in the field of translation criticism, specifically regarding the translation of Mantiq Al-Tair and the application of the Garces model. Notable articles include "Mantiq Al-Tair of Attar in Lebanon (criticism on the research and translation of the Arabic Mantiq Al-Tair)" (1383) by Nik Manesh, "Criticism and review of the Persian translation of the novel Qalb al-Lil with the title Del Shab based on the model of Garces" (1396) by Ali Sayadani et al., "Lexual criticism of the translation of Sheikh Abdulhaq Mohadath Dehlavi from Fatuh al-Ghayb based on the semantic level - Garces Lexicon" (1400) by Bidkhoni and AghHosseini, "Hermeneutic view of the French translation of somemystical words of Al- Mantiq Al-Tair based on the opinions of Umberto Eco" (1400) by Moghaddam and Akrami Fard company, and "Study in Translation Al-Arabiya for the Mantiq Al-Tair" (2006) by Nadi Hassoun.It is evident that the Arabic translation of Mantiq Al-Tair has not been systematically and critically evaluated using translation criticism theories. Furthermore, the studies based on Garces theory are restricted to the translation of novels and fictional works, and despite the potential of Garces theory to assess the translation of poetic texts, no research has been conducted thus far to critique and evaluate text translations using this theory. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the acceptability and sufficiency of the planned translation by listing the favorable and unfavorable characteristics.Research MethodologyGarces theory is a comprehensive model used to assess literary writings. It goes beyond just the translation of words and phrases and takes into account four different levels. The Garces model is widely regarded as a prominent model for evaluating the translation of literary texts. The increasing adoption of this approach by scholars in recent years demonstrates its favorable standing among translation critics. This paradigm operates on the notion of parity between the source and destination texts. According to Garces, the source text and the translation should aim for maximum equivalence on all four levels. The four layers are: semantic-lexical, syntactic-morphological, discourse-role, and stylistic-intentional.ConclusionMantiq Al-Tair is a significant spiritual poem in Persian poetry and literature that has been translated into other languages. This essay critically evaluates the Arabic translation of . Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh’s Mantiq Al-Tair, using the Garces model as a framework for analysis. Upon evaluating this translation using the four levels of the Garces model, it was concluded that the translation being examined is in the original language. Out of the four levels in the Garces model, this translation demonstrates a higher level of conformity with the semantic-lexical level compared to the other three levels. The subgroups that have emerged in this translation at this level include assimilation, lexical expansion, lexical account, general and specific, definition and explanation, cultural equivalent, and syntactic expansion. At this stage, the translator has employed constructive methods with the exception of one instance (lexical explanation). Out of the subcategories stated, lexical expansion and lexical account are more frequent in this translation.The translation examines modifications in syntax or structure, alterations in viewpoint, compensation, implications, and the elimination of subsets at the syntactic-morphological level. Among these modifications, the change of syntax or structure is particularly prominent in this translation. In addition to implication and omission, which are negative strategies at this level, the translator has employed positive techniques. All subcategories within the two levels of discourse—functional and stylistic-semantic—are seen asnegative strategies. The most common ones are the translator's mistake and changing the function of rhetorical devices.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Abbas Ganjali; Sayed Mahdi Nouri keyzghani; Masoud Salmani Haghighi
Abstract
Today, translation theorists have taken a big step in the development of translation criticism methods by presenting their works and theories and have provided translators with the necessary platform to provide the desired translation. One of the theoreticians of this field is Henri Meschonnic. Translation ...
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Today, translation theorists have taken a big step in the development of translation criticism methods by presenting their works and theories and have provided translators with the necessary platform to provide the desired translation. One of the theoreticians of this field is Henri Meschonnic. Translation poetics in the concept that is considered in this discussion, according to Meschonnic, is a kind of theory of text translation. Poetics deals with linguistic structure issues just as painting deals with image structures; because linguistics is the general knowledge of language structures. The poetics approach of Meschonnic’s translation consists of concepts such as transparency and centripetalism, empirical application and theoretical application, and inter-poetics relationships. In this essay, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the Persian translation of Ruhollah Rahimi's novel "Under the Feet of Mothers" with the title "Behesht-e Maman Ghaizah" is reviewed based on the poetics approach of artistic translation by Meschonnic. The result of the research shows that the translator has used literary devices such as metonymy and non-metonymy, which have the same aesthetic effect in the source and target text, in the field of inter-poetics relations. The language of the translated text is embedded in accordance with the norms of the Meschonnic’s poetics approach and the target text, and the translator has tried to show the cultural signs of the language and ideological approach to the reader by providing an acceptable translation.Keywords: Translation Criticism, Meschonnic’s Translation Poetics, The Novel "Under the Feet of Mothers", Ruhollah Rahimi.IntroductionCriticism of translation as a linguistic and intellectual activity, although in a traditional form, has existed in parallel with translation, and sometimes the translators themselves or even the authors have measured their work and that of others with the standards of their times. Criticism of literary translation in the 20th century has taken a more scientific and methodical direction after the works of Antoine Berman on the translation of prose, Henri Meschonnic and Effim Etkind on the translation of poetry (Ahmadi, 2015: 11). For sure, it is wrong to limit the criticism of literary translation to certain people. All schools of translation criticism, even those that did not speak directly about literature or are not from this field, have concepts and tools that are effective in translation criticism, such as the theory of comparative stylistics of Vienna and Darbelneh, which has a linguistic watershed, or the function-oriented theory of Katharina Reiss's translation criticism, or the interpretative theory of the Paris school (Danica Selekovitch-Marian Lederer) or the discourse theory of Jean Delisle.Due to the fact that many novels have been translated from Arabic to Persian, it is felt necessary to make the translation process more scientific by criticizing the translation and evaluating the quality of the translation based on specific principles and elements. In order to prevent weakness and defects in translation, various and many approaches and models have been presented, the use of which increase the scientific and literary value of a work. Literary texts are always full of words, sentences and melodious constructions. One of the challenges of translators when translating such texts is to transfer the elements of the original text correctly and accurately in the translated text. Henri Meschonnic's poetics approach of artistic translation, which includes components such as (transparency and centripetalism, experimental application and theoretical application, and inter-poetics relations), is considered as a leading approach in providing translations in accordance with the criteria and frameworks of the original and target text. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and its purpose is to examine Ruhollah Rahimi's Persian translation of the novel "Under the Feet of Mothers " based on the aforementioned theory. The reason for choosing this novel and Rahimi's translation of it is to have the necessary linguistic capacities and capabilities to adapt and implement the components of Henri Meschonnic’s Poetics of Translating. In this research, the following two questions are answered:1- Which of the components of the Henri Meschonnic’s Poetics of Translating is more prominent in Rahimi's translation?2- What is the function of the components of the mentioned approach in transferring the text message?Literature ReviewThe subject of the present research has not been investigated in any article or thesis so far, but considerable theses and articles have been written with the focus of examining the translation of other novels based on the ideas put forward for translation, which are referred to below. Due to the fact that Antoine Berman has followed the views of people like Henri Meschonnic in presenting his theory, therefore, in this section, the works written based on Berman's theory are also mentioned:- Valiullah Esmaili (2016), in his dissertation entitled Translation and Structural Criticism of the Novel Kabartu wa Nasitu an Ansa by Buthaina Al-Issa, has translated and criticized the fictional elements of the said novel. Individual theory was not used in the translation of this novel, and the translator relied on theory and general knowledge to translate the text and then criticize it.- Ali Bashiri (2019), in the article Implementation of Antoine Berman's Theory of Deconstructive Trends in the Translation of a Novel from Persian to Arabic (a case study of two translations of Boof-e Koor), has examined the aforementioned translations based on Berman's theory. The result of the research shows that all the issues related to Antoine Berman's theory can be applied in the translation of this novel, except Glorification, and the reason for not achieving Glorification in the translation of this prose is that the type of this prose is a novel and it is of a modern type, and the goal of the author and as a result the translator of the novel is far from Glorification and the use of figures.- Saber Mohseni (2019), in the article Investigation of Rhythm in the Persian Translations of Christian Boben Case Study: Mahvash Ghavimi's translation of geai (Idiot of the neighborhood) and Isabelle Bruges", has investigated the rhythm in Mahvash Ghavimi's translations of Christian Boben's works based on the artistic rhythm component of Meschonnic. The analysis of the translation of the two stories of Ablah-e Mahaleh and Isabelle Bruges shows that although the translator sometimes deviated from the rhythm of the original text due to language differences or complying with spelling rules, he was successful in recreating the rhythm and signs of orality (oralité) of the text.- Rajaa Abu Ali and Behzad Esbaghi Giglo (2019), in the article Criticism and Analysis of Fatemeh Jafari’s Translation of Rabi Jaber's Novel Confessions (E’terafat) based on the theory of deconstructive trends of Antoine Berman, investigated the aforementioned translation based on seven components of the deconstructive components of Berman.The result of the research shows that, among the mentioned components, the expansion and the destruction of the rhythm of the text are among the most frequent factors of distortion of the text in the translation of Fatemeh Jafari, and these components also have an effect on ennoblement, and in some cases, we see an increase in the component of ennoblement in the translation.MethodologyBased on the descriptive-analytical method and using online and library sources, this research has investigated Rahimi's Farsi translation of the novel "Under the Feet of Mothers" based on the poetics perspective of Henri Meschonnic's translation.ConclusionA total of 24 samples were selected to examine the poetics components of Meschonnic’s translation, of which 5 samples were considered for the element of transparency and centripetalism, 11 for experimental application and theoretical application, and 8 for inter-poetics relations. With the investigations carried out on the translation text, the components of experimental application, theoretical application, and inter-poetics relations in Rahimi's translation are more frequent and have more manifestations.Considering that the mentioned novel has the characteristics of a literary text and has melodious folk and literary expressions and interpretations, and also despite the difference of cultural elements in the two languages, literal and direct translation cannot be appropriate to transfer meanings; therefore, the poetics approach of Meschonnic’s translation is a solution in this situation and helps to provide a suitable and at the same time accurate translation.In terms of transparency and centripetalism, the translator, taking into account the textual relationship between the original and target languages, as in the original text, used simple and unpretentious words and phrases in his translation, and his writing is full of rhythmic sentences with a pleasant pattern, which plays an important role in conveying the meaning and emotional load of the text.In the section of experimental application and theoretical application, the translator has used the components considered for theoretical application such as deletion, displacement, and additions, in order to ennoble and glorify his text, which can be a special type of ideology in translation, adopted by the translator to advance his goals in order to provide a literary translation.In the field of inter-poetics relations, it should be said that the translator has correctly used the tools needed to establish a precise and desirable relationship between the original text and the target text, and has responded to each of the prominent elements of the source text in the target text, and added to the integrity of the structure of the translated text. It can be said that the translator in this section has used literary devices such as metonymy and non-metonymy, which have the same aesthetic effect in the source and target text, well in his translation.The language of the translated text is embedded in accordance with the norms of Meschonnic’s poetics approach and the target text, and the translator has tried to show the cultural signs of the language and his ideological approach to the reader by providing an acceptable translation.It can also be said that the translator understood the meaning of the words, phrases, and idioms relatively and expressed the equivalent of each of them in the translation according to the context of the target text and the elements determined for the Meschonnic approach. Therefore, it can be said that the translator has fulfilled his mission of finding the elements of meaning generation in the original text and then recreating them in the translation to an acceptable extent. Although he has made mistakes in a few cases.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Yosra Shadman; Mina Arabi
Abstract
In order to improve the quality of translation, theorists have provided many models, each of which shows the acceptability of literary works in the target language. By evaluating the translation in the form of a pattern, the positive and negative features of the translation show themselves, and this ...
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In order to improve the quality of translation, theorists have provided many models, each of which shows the acceptability of literary works in the target language. By evaluating the translation in the form of a pattern, the positive and negative features of the translation show themselves, and this indicates the adequacy and acceptability of a translation. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate and criticize the translation of the novel "Tashari" written by Anam Kajaji under the title "My Pieces" by the efforts of Karim Pour Zubeid based on the model suggested by Garces. Garcés's model is one of the most basic theories in the field of linguistics, the main purpose of which is to determine the qualitative level of translations. Garcés analyzes four levels to evaluate translation, each of which is formed by subcategories. The most important findings of this research, which have been written by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods, indicate that: Poor Zubeid did not rely on the source language and even in some cases disrupted the main concepts of the story. It also has the highest case density at the (stylistic-scientific) level, and since the subsets of this level are included in the form of negative features, it can be said that this translation does not have the necessary adequacy and acceptability.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Mohammad Reza Azizi; Abbas Vaezzadeh
Abstract
Divan-e- Hafiz be-Al-Arabiyyate She'ran (Hafez's Divan in Poetic Arabic) is a poetic translation of four hundred and ninety ghazals by Hafez. This study aims to examine the external music or the prosody of this translation based on the subtleties of the Persian and Arabic prosodic system. Factors such ...
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Divan-e- Hafiz be-Al-Arabiyyate She'ran (Hafez's Divan in Poetic Arabic) is a poetic translation of four hundred and ninety ghazals by Hafez. This study aims to examine the external music or the prosody of this translation based on the subtleties of the Persian and Arabic prosodic system. Factors such as meter, differences in the number of prosodic elements, meter change, poetic necessities, modifications, or addition or subtraction of words for prosodic reasons were evaluated and criticized. For a deeper analysis, the first twenty ghazals of Hafez's Divan were investigated, while other ghazals, especially Molamm'at, were also considered to confirm the findings. The data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method with a prosody-based approach. The results showed that the syntax and sometimes even the rhetoric of Hafez's poetry has been influenced in this translation by external music, which has resulted in modifications and overabundance of poetic necessities in the target language. The changes that the prosody of Persian poetry have found over time, as required by Iranian taste, are not easily translatable. Alterations in the meter of the most Molamm'ats in the present translation seem to be a testament to this claim.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Aliasghar Shahbazi
Abstract
Vernacular translation of literary works invites inevitable semantic, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological shifts within a text. This process of stabilizing originates mostly from the translator’s conscious intention and is reliant on the target language’s innate nature. Among the most ...
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Vernacular translation of literary works invites inevitable semantic, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological shifts within a text. This process of stabilizing originates mostly from the translator’s conscious intention and is reliant on the target language’s innate nature. Among the most notable theories in this regard, is J. C. Catford’s theory (1965), which analyzes semantic and syntactic shifts in two general categories and four sub-categories. This study attempts to compare and investigate Abdolmona-em’s and Al-Attar’s stabilizations in the Arabic translation of Forough Farrokhzad’s “Tavallod-i-Digar,” based on Catford’s theory. The results of this study suggest that in comparison with other transformation modes, transformations on a syntactic level are of high impact on the translations by both aforementioned translators. Maryam al-Attar’s translation includes fewer structural stabilizations because of reduced concern about the primary language’s structure and emphasis on literal translation, and this culminated in the complexity and unfamiliarity of the end product. On the contrary, Abdolmona-em’s translation appears more smooth and natural, as it suggests suitable equivalents and emphasizes the expression and stabilization of semantic and syntactic structures. Furthermore, the exclusions and redundant extensions in Al-Attar’s translation have often brought about interpretative and thematic transformations in the poem.
Translation in Arabic language and literature
Khosro Janghorban; Ali Bashiri
Abstract
The connection between Arabic and Persian languages has had a long history, and the cultural interaction and interference between these two languages have reached the highest point. Translation has been considered a medium by which a message can be transferred from one language to another with ...
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The connection between Arabic and Persian languages has had a long history, and the cultural interaction and interference between these two languages have reached the highest point. Translation has been considered a medium by which a message can be transferred from one language to another with the least impairment. Interjections are language items through which emotional feelings like happiness, sorrow, pain, and regret or unemotional feelings like onomatopoeia are conveyed. This article analyzes the interjections in the translation of the novel “The length of the Night”, which contains a considerable number of interjections. The correspondence between the Arabic and Persian words is analyzed through a one-to-one comparison between the original and the translated text. The results showed that the translator has used good correspondences for the translation of interjections in most cases, and has been able to transfer the message to the target language accordingly. Though, in some cases, he has only achieved partial correspondence and failed to achieve correct correspondence in some others.
Yosra Shadman; Mohammad Nabi Ahmadi; Sahar Malekian
Abstract
Cognitive metaphorical theory is a term used in linguistics to refer to an idea or conceptual field based on another idea or concept. Examples from the book Sahifa Sajadieh and its two translations by Mousavi Garmaroodi and Elahi Ghomshey have been selected in order to investigate the relationship between ...
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Cognitive metaphorical theory is a term used in linguistics to refer to an idea or conceptual field based on another idea or concept. Examples from the book Sahifa Sajadieh and its two translations by Mousavi Garmaroodi and Elahi Ghomshey have been selected in order to investigate the relationship between cognitive metaphors at the two main levels: similar metaphors, special metaphors, with the act of translating and paying attention to the translators. In these examples, the metaphorical element was extracted and the performance of each translator in dealing with it was investigated. The results suggest that although translators have taken a different approach to translate the meanings of the source text, the success of both translators in translating metaphors has been similar. Mousavi Garmaroodi, as a translator of literature, has used creative metaphors, while Elahi Ghomshei has, in some instances, translated abstract concepts without metaphor in order to facilitate translation. In this research, the translation of Sahifa Sajadieh's conceptual metaphors is examined by the descriptive-analytical method and comparative approach.
Zahra Bavandpoori; Shahriar Hemmati; Toraj Zeinivand; Ali Salimi
Abstract
Youssef Hussein Bakkar (1942-present) is a writer, researcher, and literary critic among scholars who have attempted to criticize Arabic translations of Khayyam's quatrains through his knowledge of translation techniques. The present study aims to descriptively-analytically criticize his views on these ...
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Youssef Hussein Bakkar (1942-present) is a writer, researcher, and literary critic among scholars who have attempted to criticize Arabic translations of Khayyam's quatrains through his knowledge of translation techniques. The present study aims to descriptively-analytically criticize his views on these translations based on seven features (rationalization, clarification, theological terms, qualitative ennoblement, quantitative impoverishment, idiom destruction, language system destruction), which are the deforming view of Antoine Bremen (1942-1991), the French pioneer theorist. The findings of the study indicate that Bakkar used his criticism in his reviews and his views are often humorous, devoid of reasoning, and do not follow any particular theory. Adopting a linguistic approach by Bakkar shows that his critique of the method is consistent with the components of Antoine Berman's theory, but Bakkar’s linguistic approach lacks the application of theoretical issues. He does not present his views in a coherent, solidly structured theoretical framework.
Ali Akbar Noresideh; Masoud Salmani Haghighi
Abstract
Analysis and investigation of translation quality have long been taken into consideration. Various methods have been proposed by theorists and linguists to critique the translation of texts from Arabic into Persian and vice versa. One of the methods presented in the field of translation criticism is ...
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Analysis and investigation of translation quality have long been taken into consideration. Various methods have been proposed by theorists and linguists to critique the translation of texts from Arabic into Persian and vice versa. One of the methods presented in the field of translation criticism is Vinay and Darbelnet’s model. This article raises two questions: How is the translation of Adel Abdel Moneim Suleim evaluated based on the Vinay and Darbelnet model, and which of the components of Vinay and Darbelnet is most used in the translation? In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, a part of Adel Abdel Moneim Suleim's Arabic translation of Jalal Al-Ahmad's School Principal novel is examined based on the Vinay and Darbelnet model, and the quality and method of interpretation of this novel are evaluated by the translator. The result shows that the translator paid more attention to the elements of the target language in translating the selected samples. Also, in some cases, the translator ignores the transmission of the message and content of the original language to the target language and relies on direct and lexical translation, which may be due to the translator's insufficient knowledge of some cultural components and the basic foundations of the source language.
Aliasghar Shahbazi; Mostafa Parsaeipour
Abstract
Rumi's Masnavi has been widely popular outside the Persian culture, having attracted many an audience. The work has been warmly welcomed in Arabic cultures as well. Arabic literary figures have provided several translations of this literary-mystic masterpiece in prose and poetry, among which the poetic ...
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Rumi's Masnavi has been widely popular outside the Persian culture, having attracted many an audience. The work has been warmly welcomed in Arabic cultures as well. Arabic literary figures have provided several translations of this literary-mystic masterpiece in prose and poetry, among which the poetic translations of two contemporary Arab poets, Abdul Aziz Jawaheri and Mohammad Jamal Hashemi, have served a key role in introducing Masnavi to the Arab audience. Translators’ familiarity with Rumi’s philosophy and cultural affinity between the source and target cultures have helped reflect the spiritual atmosphere of the poems in Arabic. Having discussed the qualitative characteristics of these translations, the study has investigated the translations of the first story in Rumi’s Masnavi, The King and the Handmaiden, within the procedures provided by Viney and Darbelnet. The results show that Jawaher’s translation is closer to the original, adopting direct translation procedures, particularly ‘literal translation’, more extensively. Faithfulness to the source text is yet another virtue of this translation. Hashemi has provided a translation that mostly reveals the syntactic and pragmatic elements of the target language, explicating many elements to make the text more accessible to the readers in lieu of literal translation. Among the seven procedures studied, transposition and modulation are significantly more prevalent than others.
Ali Bashiri; Zahra Hadavi Khalilabad
Abstract
Translation critique analyzes and evaluates the quality of translation by expressing the pros and cons. One of the critical methods is the application of theories. The theory used in this study on the translation of Ahmad Saadawi's novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" is Garces' theory. This theory was proposed ...
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Translation critique analyzes and evaluates the quality of translation by expressing the pros and cons. One of the critical methods is the application of theories. The theory used in this study on the translation of Ahmad Saadawi's novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" is Garces' theory. This theory was proposed in 1994 by Carmen Garces, which is based on four levels (semantic-lexical), (syntactic-word generation), (discourse-functional), and (stylistic-practical), each level having related subgroups. With the help of these subgroups in the proposed model, it is possible to examine the increase, maintenance (retention), decrease of source language information in the target language, and the positive and negative features of translation. Finally, according to Garces' theory, the adequacy and acceptability of any translation depend on its positive and negative features. In fact, the more positive features a translation has, the more reliable and acceptable the translation will be. This article evaluates the translation of "Amal Nabhani" from the novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" in all four levels of theory. According to this research, in the first level (semantic-lexical) and the second level (syntactic-lexical) of the theory, numerous examples were found in the translation of this novel, and due to having positive features that are more numerous than negative features, this translation is acceptable.
Maryam Bakhshi; Kobra Zafari; Sepideh Bagheri
Abstract
Criticism and evaluation of translation is an important part of translation work that leads to its growth and completion. Garces's theory is a theory that is organized in order to recognize the quality of translations and analyze the quality of translated texts. This theory is an effective framework ...
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Criticism and evaluation of translation is an important part of translation work that leads to its growth and completion. Garces's theory is a theory that is organized in order to recognize the quality of translations and analyze the quality of translated texts. This theory is an effective framework for criticizing the quality of translations. One of the prominent books in the field of history, culture, and politics is Motahari's book "The Reciprocal Services between Islam and Iran" translated into Arabic and entitled "Islam and Iran” by Yousefi Gharavi. This research aims to study and critique the Arabic translation of this book, based on the four levels of semantic - lexical, syntax - inflectional, discursive - functional, and stylistic-practical, with a descriptive-analytical method. The results show that this translation, given the more negative points, is only sufficient and not acceptable. The translator has been more successful at both the "semantic-lexical" and "syntactic-morphological" levels than other levels of Garcés’ model. The "discourse-functional" and "stylistic-practical" levels need to be reconsidered. The results show that the translation has examples of descriptive translation. One of the main disadvantages of translation is disruptive and inappropriate omissions that go beyond deleting words and sentences and include deleting paragraphs and even deleting lots of pages from the book. In addition to the phenomenon of deletion, we see the phenomenon of excessive expansion or eloquence, which sometimes leads to distortion of the text.
Mohammadnabi Ahmadi; Zahra Qanbari
Abstract
Different patterns and models have been proposed by translation theorists, which are used as a suitable and more accurate criterion for measuring translations. Ms. Carmen Garcés’ (1994)'s theory of translation quality assessment is one of the most important theories in the field of linguistics, ...
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Different patterns and models have been proposed by translation theorists, which are used as a suitable and more accurate criterion for measuring translations. Ms. Carmen Garcés’ (1994)'s theory of translation quality assessment is one of the most important theories in the field of linguistics, which organizes and analyzes the quality of translated literary texts in order to determine their qualitative level. The aim of this article is to examine the main text of the story "Nahr al-Dhahab" by Yaqub al-Sharuni using the model proposed by Garcés on the semantic-lexical level. This story is translated by Dr. Vahid Sabzianpour and Hasiba Vakili as “The Golden River”. The most important findings of this paper written by a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that this translation, in terms of its "semantic-lexical" level, contains a limited number of data that are compatible with Garcés’ theory and its various subcategories, such as: syntactic adaptation, adaptation, definition or explanation in terms of cultural differences and ambiguity. Linguists believe that the different meanings of a single form lead to ambiguity. According to Garcés, the ambiguity may be intentional or inadvertent. Intentional or artistic ambiguity must be conveyed, and unintentional ambiguity must be removed. According to the review of this translation, no ambiguity was observed in the book Nahr al-Dhahab. According to the findings of this article, "adaptation" or the same semantic choice close to a sentence or word in translation, has the highest frequency, and "explanation", i.e. the explanation of the word in a footnote or parentheses, has the lowest frequency. There were also some instances of syntactic compression which is considered as one of the negative points mentioned in Garcés theory.
Arezoo Poor Yazdanpanah Kermani; Vesal Meimandi
Abstract
Translation is one of the ways to create cultural interactions between nations. In the meantime, it is the translator's responsibility to provide a correct translation. Translation theorists have come up with different patterns and models for evaluating translations. Translation evaluation and assessment ...
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Translation is one of the ways to create cultural interactions between nations. In the meantime, it is the translator's responsibility to provide a correct translation. Translation theorists have come up with different patterns and models for evaluating translations. Translation evaluation and assessment based on the available models and patterns, reveals the quality level of the translated text and its positive and negative features. Therefore, the acceptability of the translation of a literary work is determined when it is evaluated according to these patterns. In this article, the Arabic translation of Marzbannameh, titled "Stories of Al-Amir Al-Marzban on the Language of Animals", has been studied based on 9 cases of Antoine Breman's text distortion system theory and evaluated by descriptive-analytical method. The research findings indicate that despite being familiar with the Persian language, the translator has sometimes failed to understand, receive and transfer the content and despite the translator's efforts, meaning gap and inefficiency in equivalent selection can be observed. Among the studied components, the two components of qualitative and qualitative impoverishment had the highest frequency and the component of destruction of rhythms had the lowest frequency. The main reason for this and the distance of the translator from the original text should be considered in the type of source text and its literary and technical aspect and the translator's lack of fluency in Persian.
Asgar Babazadehaghdam; Bizhan Karamimirazizi; Ebrahim Namdari; Fatemeh Mahdipoor
Abstract
The widespread approach of the Persian language scholars to the translation of the Holy Quran has gained a lot of vitality in recent decades, so that many critics succeeded in presenting the translated version of the critique, with this critique, translations of various texts of The Holy Qur'an examines ...
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The widespread approach of the Persian language scholars to the translation of the Holy Quran has gained a lot of vitality in recent decades, so that many critics succeeded in presenting the translated version of the critique, with this critique, translations of various texts of The Holy Qur'an examines the valuable works carefully and precisely, and in this way opens up a new chapter in Qur'anic research as a "Critique of Holy Quranic translations". Among these patterns is the proposed model of Carmen Grosses, Four levels are proposed. The present study intends to translate Hadad Adel, Moezi, and Ansarian by selecting from the 29th 30 Quran verses mentioned the model of relying on the Syntax-term construction, criticize and evaluate. For this purpose, firstly, the expression of the Garces model is explicitly dealt with and then the cases of the application of this theory. According to the witnesses, the examples extracted from the translators of sections 29 and 30, based on the syntactic term, are examined. The most important the findings of this research are descriptive-analytic and that according to the Garces model, the only one is the Moezi translation one by one, and that the translation of Ansariān and Haddad is ordinary only as an explanation and extension of meaning. In the remaining cases, each interpreter has gone through the pattern and, finally, the compensation item lacked a Quranic specimen.
Mehdi Moghadasinia
Abstract
Like any other individuals, a translator has his affiliations and shows his particular cultural and social behaviors. The primary concern of this study is to discover the impact of the political position of a translator on his translation. For this purpose, the Persian translation of Kalila and Dimna ...
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Like any other individuals, a translator has his affiliations and shows his particular cultural and social behaviors. The primary concern of this study is to discover the impact of the political position of a translator on his translation. For this purpose, the Persian translation of Kalila and Dimna (Translated by Nasr-Allah Monshi) has been selected and adapted as the corpus. The result of this research, based on critical discourse analysis, indicates that the translator Nasr-Allah Monshi, who has an important position in the court of Bahram-Shah, He knows that no one allowed to point to or mention the King s weaknesses. Therefore, he tries to remove any negative personality traits such as capriciousness and wishy-washiness attributed to the lion (as a symbol of King). As an official member of the court, the translator never did anything to offend the face of relatives and friends of the King therefor he pictures them as efficient and deserving persons who achieved their positions in the court with hard work and effort while the writer of Kalila and Dimna, Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ pictures them as persons who achieved their positions in the court with chance. This, in fact, reflects the effect of court discourse.
Mansoureh Zarkoob; Hussein Abbassi Asl Abbassi
Volume 3, Issue 6 , March 2013, , Pages 113-139
Abstract
Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) is one of the greatest writers of the Arab world and the only Muslim winner of the Nobel Prize (1988). Novel, short story, autobiography, and scenario are his areas of writing, and many of his stories have been translated into many of the world languages. The Pub of the Black ...
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Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) is one of the greatest writers of the Arab world and the only Muslim winner of the Nobel Prize (1988). Novel, short story, autobiography, and scenario are his areas of writing, and many of his stories have been translated into many of the world languages. The Pub of the Black Cat is one of his valuable works which can be considered as a snapshot of a historical moment of his country, i.e. Egypt. The characters and characterizations as well as symbols used in this story are located together beautifully. The reader, even if unfamiliar with the conditions of that time and place, enjoys reading an interesting story. He also becomes familiar with the contemporary history of Egypt. The flips of these symbols cause him to contemplate and then he praises the accuracy and elegance of Mahfouz. In the present paper, Muhammad Reza Mar’ashipour’s translation of this story was assessed. Before assessing the translation, the status of the symbols used in this story were investigated in order to provide a solution to the problems of translating mysterious stories. Mistranslations, use of unfamiliar words, ambiguity, inaccurate translation of poems, and unfamiliarity with the popular culture and language of modern Egypt are among the shortcomings of the translation of this symbolic story.
